List of Organisations offering coaching and scholarship for indians

Free IAS and vareious scholarship details And abroad education for All

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Scholarships for All
Submitted by kashif on Wed, 05/31/2006 – 23:33. Following organizatio provide scholarship to students some of them to Indian Muslims exclusively, for details please contact them directly.
GOVERNMENT
Government of India: http://minorityaffairs.gov.in/newsite/schemes/schemes.asp
Andhra Pradesh: http://apsmfc.com/
Bihar: http://minoritywelfare.bih.nic.in/Scholarships.htm
Chandigarh: http://www.chdeducation.gov.in/Scholarship%20Schemes.pdf
Delhi: http://www.scstwelfare.delhigovt.nic.in/
Goa: http://www.goasocialwelfare.com/postmatrix.htm
Gujarat: http://sje.gujarat.gov.in/english/content.asp?cid=133
http://sje.gujarat.gov.in/english/dc/centrally_sponsored_schemes_eng.htm
Himachal Pradesh: http://www.himachal.nic.in/welfare/
Kerala: http://www.collegiateedu.kerala.gov.in/
Madhya Pradesh: http://www.mp.gov.in/bcwelfare/
Orissa: http://www.orissa.gov.in/stsc/Minority_scholarship/postmatric_scholarshi…
Pondicherry: http://socwelfare.pondicherry.gov.in/postmatricscholarships.htm
Rajasthan: http://sje.rajasthan.gov.in/MinoScho/MinoScho.htm
Uttar Pradesh: http://minoritywelfare.up.nic.in/
West Bengal: http://www.wbmdfc.org/

ORGANIZATIONS

Aamir Mustafa Kidwai Trust
Contact Person: Mrs Aziza Kidwai
B-28, West End Colony, New Delhi – 110021; Tel. 011-24670009, Mob: 09868679107
Scheme: Financial assistance for pursuing higher studies to needy and meritorious persons belonging to educationally backward minorities.

Abdul Qayum Fellowship at Portland State University, USA
Provides for a student from Aligarh Muslim University or Shibli National College in India to apply for support to pursue any graduate degree offered with the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, with preference to be given to students seeking a degree in Economics and with demonstrated financial need. The College is providing a matching tuition waiver.
http://www.gsr.pdx.edu/ogs_funding_scholarships.html

Aga Khan Foundation (UK)
Aga Khan Foundation, Sarojini House, 6 Bhagwan Das Road, New Delhi 110001
Scheme: University study in the UK for grad and post grad programmes
http://www.akdn.org/akfisp/HTML/index.html

Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture
for study of architecture at MIT and Harvard
Scheme: Three scholarships awarded every year for research & investigation in Architecture of the Muslim world.
http://web.mit.edu/akpia/www/

Al-Ameen Charitable fund Trust Super tannery (I) Ltd.
Jajmau Road, Jajmau, Kanpur – 208 010 (U.P.)
Scheme: Post Metric Scholarship for higher education

Al-Ameen Scholarships
UG-12, Essel House, 10-Asaf Ali road, New Delhi 110002 OR
76A/1; Okhla Main Bazar, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi – 110025; Tel: 26845691, Fax: 26839968
Scheme: Scholarship for students securing more than 50% marks in IXth and Xth standard. Girls studying from Vth standard may also be considered.

Aligarh Alumnis Scholarships
Application Forms can be downloaded from the Federation’s Website (http://www.aligs.org).
1. AMU Alumni Association, Australia (open to all, about 30 Scholarships)
2. AMU Alumni Association, California (open to all, about 150 Scholarships)
3. The Aligarh Alumni Association Washington DC
i) 14 Scholarships specific for students from ASSAM (Endowed by Mr. Zouqul Choudhary)
ii) 07 Sabah Memorial Scholarships (Specific for Law Students. Endowed by Mrs. Akhtar Quraishi & Dr. Sayeed Quraishi)
iii) 86 Scholarships (open to all) Endowed by different individuals.
iv) 03 Scholarships (open to all) Endowed by Mr. S. A. Raza.
4. Sultan Jahan Begum Scholarship (Oman, open to all, about 60 Scholarships)
5. Dr. S. M. Raza & Others Scholarships (Muscat, open to all)
6. Dr. E. R. Ansari Scholarships (Abu Dhabi, open to all about 8 Scholarships)
6. Begum Khalida Naheed & MSUS’ Scholarship (open to all)
7. Aligarh Alumni Association of New England: http://www.aaane.us/
Provides scholarship to AMU graduates applying for admissions to US colleges for post-graduation.
All India Talent Identification And Promotion Trust
#7, SRK Garden, Jayanagar (E), Bangalore-41 Tel. 080-56969672, 6646861
Email: admin@aitipt.org; aitipt@yahoo.co.in
AMM Arunachalam-Lakshmi Achi Scholarship
AMM Foundation, Parry House, Third Floor, 43 Moore Street, Chennai 600001.
Asma Foundation (Regd)
Hospital Road
Distt. Madhubani, Bihar 847211
Basic Research, Education And Development (BREAD)
Invites applications for financial aid from the students who had excelled in public exams, but could not afford to study further.
During the year 2004-05, BREAD will offer scholarships in science and technology : Engineering, Computer Science, Medicine, Veterinary Science, Agriculture, Pharmacy, Polytechnics, Mathematics and Sciences.

BREAD and North South Foundatio
n (NSF) have awarded over 2,000 Scholarships over the years.
The eligibility criteria include : a family income of less than Rs,38,000
(Rs.26,000 in rural areas) ; top five per cent ranks in Common Entrance Tests (CET) of 85 per cent marks in intermediate or equivalent examination with relaxation of five per cent to rural and girl students in ranks/percentages ; rank of first attempt preferred; coming from Government or Government aided schools only; first year students in the course of study chosen; students eligible for other scholarships will not normally be eligible for BREAD scholarships. Shortlised candidates will be interviewed before the final selection.
The application form for Andhra Pradesh could be had from Ch. Hanumantha Rao, 204 Megha Apts, 2-1-253 Nallakunta, Hydreabad – 500 044 by sending a self-addressed, stamped envelope with rank card of CET or mark sheet of intermediate or equivalent examination this year. The deadline for filing of applications is July 31.
Sri M. Siva Ram Prasad, BREAD,401, Diamond House Adjacent to Amrutha Hills Punjagutta, Hyderabad-500 082
BSA Zakaat Foundation Scholarship in Tamilnadu
http://www.bsazakaat.org/
Buhari Building
# 4, Moores Road, Chennai-600 006
Phone:+91-44-42261133
Fax: +91-44-28231950

Bharat Seva Trust
12 A, Connaught Place New Delhi-110001;
Tel. 23323917

Central Wakf Council
14/173, Jam Nagar House, Shahjahan Road, New Delhi-110011;
Tel. 23384465; Fax. 23070881;
Email: central_wakf_council@vsnl.net
Web: http://www.wbmdfc.org/wakf/index.html
Criteria: Father’s Annual income not more than Rs 75000.00 per annum.
Scheme: Scholarship to students of B.E., M.B.B.S, B.D.S, B.Sc., A.M.D.Sc (Alig), M.B.A., M.Sc., L.L.B., Scholarship Rs 6000.00 per annum

The Children Foundation
Students studying from the V to the XII standard
Post Box No -5007, Chennai – 600090 Tamil Nadu
info@childrenfoundation.net
Activities mainly in the state of Kerala
Provide scholarship for academically excellent student who lack the financial freedom in choosing and building their career
http://www.childrenfoundation.net/apply.html

Crescent Educational Foundation
B.61 C K Road, Chanpatana, Bangalore Dist.Karnataka, email : crescent@asia.com ; Tel ++91-80-7251143 / 54443; Mobile ++91-9844143530; PRO: Mr. Syed Ajmal
Criteria : Students from Muslim community (irrespective of any school of thought) but he/she must be from Chanpatana city only
Scheme: Scholarship to students of professional courses.
Dawodbhoy Fazalbhoy Muslim Educational Trust
42, Ibrahim Md. Merchant Road, Dhadah Khadak, Mumbai 400 029, E-mail: assurfam@vsnl.com

Danish Education Trust(R)
To Karnataka students studying in the following courses in Karnataka:
Law, Journalism, Economics
or Students appearing for II year PUC and Karnataka CET 2008, seeking admission to 1st year BE & MBBS courses.
Danish Educational Trust
No. 85, Sheriff House, Richmond Road, Next to Karnataka State
Hajj Committee Office, Bangalore – 560025.
Phone: 080 – 41121281.
Email: danishtrust@gmail.com
info@danishtrust.co.in
http://www.danishtrust.co.in

Dawodbhoy Fazalbhoy Muslim Educational Trust
42, Ibrahim Md. Merchant Road, Dhadah Khadak, Mumbai 400 029,
E-mail: assurfam@vsnl.com

Delhi Wakf Board
Near Bachchon Ka Ghar, Daryaganj, Delhi 110006
Dr. Zakir Hussain Memorial Trust
4, Gul Mohar Avenue, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025
Foundation for Academic Excellence and Access (FAEA)
B-41, Qutab Institutional Area, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi – 110 016, Phone: 2696 4290, 2696 5211 Fax: 2696 4580, E-mail: inquiry@faeaindia.org
Criteria: Undergraduate studies in Arts / Commerce / Science / Medical / Engineering and other technical and professional discipline at any University / Institution / College of students choice anywhere in India.
Eligibility: 1. Indian Nationals. 2. Students who are currently in Class XII or have passed Class XII from a recognised board in India. Those in the 1st year of the undergraduate course (any discipline) are also eligible to apply.
Scope: Tuition fee, maintenance allowance or hostel/mess charges and other allowances to cover travel, clothing and books. Scholarships are tenable up to a maximum of five years. All grants are renewed annually based on Scholars good academic performance.
How to apply: Use form available at http://www.faeaindia.org.
Education Support: portal of scholarship by HRD ministry.

Foundation for Social Care
Director, Scholarship programme: Ziaur-Rahman Siddiqui
185/A Johari Farm, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110 025. Tel.: (011) 26317311; fsc_admin@rediffmail.com
fscscholarship@yahoo.co.in; http://www.fscwecare.org ;
THIS LIST IS SPONSORED BY TWOCIRCLES.NET

GBK Charitable Trust
Scheme: Poor students studying MBBS, BDS, Pharmacy, BE, B. Tech, LLB, BCA, MCA, MBA, MA, M. Com, B. Ed, M. Ed, Ph. D (for research material), nursing, polytechnic, graduation, inter, TTC., ITI., Distance education, post graduation.
Eligibility: In the previous subjects must have at least 60% marks.
One person is eligible from family.
However for orphans two members can be apply.
The monthly income should not exceed by Rs. 4000.
Address: Giyasuddin babukhan, Chairman and Managing Trustee, GBK Charitable Trust, Begum pet, Hyderabad.

H. E. H. The Nizam Charitable Trust
Haveli Manjli Begum, Shah Ali Banda,Hyderabad-2

Hamdard Educational Society
(For Science At Secondary Level)
Talimabad, Sangam Vihar New Delhi 110062; Tel: (011) 6085063 – 6085064 Email: inquiry@jamiahamdard.edu

Hashmi Human Resources Development Society
Qazi Zada, Amroha – 244221 (U.P.) Tel: 05922-262417; Fax: 05922-250207
Email: info@hashmi.com; info@hashmitrust.com; Web: http://www.hashmitrust.com
Criteria / Condition: Economically weak & brilliant in studies
Scheme: Yearly
The award covers: Partial Academic expenses
Trust’s President: Sakhira Begum
Contact Person: Hakeem Sirajuddin Hashmi
Human Welfare Trust
Dawat Nagar, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025

Human Welfare Trust
195, A. F. Enclave, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi- 110025
Phone: 6822199, email: sidheeqhassn@gmail.com
A limited number of loan scholarships are available for the poor and meritorious students pursuing higher studies for the under mentioned courses in Indian Universities:
1. MSW(Master of Social Work)
2. MA Sociology
3. MA Psychology
4. MA Economics
5. MCJ/MA/PG Diploma in Journalism and Mass Communication
6. LLM (Master in Law)
7. MA Public Administration
8. MA Rural Development
9. MA Education Management
10. MBA/MA Financial Management
11. MBA Rural Management
12. MBA/MA Hospital Administration
13. MA Human Rights
14. MA Peace and Conflict Resolution
15. MBA/MA Human Resource Management
16. MA/PG Diploma in Disaster Management
17. MBA/MA/PG Diploma in NGO Management
18. PG Diploma in Guidance and Counseling
19. PG Diploma in Rural Development
20. Diploma in Film Technology
21. PG Diploma in Development Communication
For details Contact:
Secretary, Human Welfare Trust
D-307, A. F. Enclave
Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi-110 025
Email: sidheeqhassan@gmail.com

Institute of Objective Studies
P.O. Box No.9725, 162-Joga Bai Extension, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, INDIA; Phone: 011-26981187, 26987467, 26989253, Fax: 91-11-26981104, manzoor@ndf.vsnl.net.in, http://www.iosworld.org/schol.htm
Students of jurisprudence and law
Scholarship in Social Sciences and Humanities (SSS)
Scholarship for Language Promotion (SLP)
Scholarship for Madrasa Students Opting Social Sciences and Humanities (SMS)
Schedule: The announcement for scholarship programme is generally made during the month of July and interviews of short listed candidates are conducted in November every year.

Islamic Development Bank
[Jeddah, Saudi Arabia]
Daily Star, 103, St John’s Church Road, Bangalore – 560005
Criteria: Merit-cum-means
Scheme: Islamic Development Bank grants scholarship for poor Muslim students of India seeking admission in degree courses of Medicine, Engineering (all branches), Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry, food Tech. Business Administration and Accountancy, interest Free Loan Scholarship refundable in easy installments when employment starts.
For 3 yeears PhD in Science & Technology in IDB member countries. Contact:

Muslim Education Trust
E-3, Abul Fazal Enclave
Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110 025
email: metdelhi@rediffmail.com
http://www.isdb.org

Islamic Research Foundation (IRF)
Post-Matric scholarship for Muslim students of Maharashtra

Click to access scholarship.pdf

THIS LIST IS SPONSORED BY TWOCIRCLES.NET

Jamiat-Ulama-e-Hind

1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002; Ph. 23311455, 3317729
Criteria: Needy and meritorious students
Scheme: Mujahid Millat Educational Scholarship to meritorious students seeking admission to Engineering (civil, Elec., Electronics, Computer), M.C.A, Chartered Accountant.

Karnataka State Minorities Commission: for Karanataka residents
Scholarships given to students studying Technical or Professional courses at Undergraduate (BE, B.Tech, B.Arch, BTech (Agri), BSc (Agri), BVSc&AH, MBBS, BDS, BUMS, BAMS, BHMS, BNYS,) / Post graduate (ME, MTech, MD, MS, MDS, MCA, MBA, MSc (Agri), MVSc&AH ) in an recognized institution.
http://www.karmin.in/applicationformdownload.html

Maulana Azad Education Foundation
Social Justice Service Centre,
Mahila Imdad Committee,
Opposite New Delhi Railway Reservation Centre,
Chelmsford Road, New Delhi – 110055;
Phone/Fax: 011-23583788, 23583789
Application for Maulana Azad National Scholarship for Girls can be submitted in between 1st July to 30th September every year.

MESCO
Educational Aid for the students above & below S.S.C.: It is a one time aid given to financially backward students based on their need.
High Cost Education Loan Scholarship (HCELS): HCELS provides interest free loan scholarships to eligible, financially deserving and meritorious students, who intend to take admission in the first year of the professional full time course or are already pursuing their studies in professional full time course
Admn.Office: 4, Sayeed House, 1st floor, 63/65, V. S. Marg, Mahim, Mumbai – 400 016; Tel 91 – 22 – 2445 5365 / 2444 4339 / 2444 8637; Fax 91 – 22 – 2444 0857; Email mescotrust@mescotrust.org

M.P. Backward and Minorities Welfare Department
http://www.mp.gov.in/bcwelfare/forms.htm

Muslim Association for the Advancement of Science, The
Darul Fikr 44, Ahmad Nagar , Dodhpur Aligharh-202002;
Tel 0571 2701209

Muslim Educational Trust
E-3 Abul Fazl Enclave, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi -110025
Criteria: Only students of U.P. , M.P., Rajasthan, Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, Orissa, Assam, West Bengal and Western States
Scheme: Loan Scholarship for the professional courses in Medicine, Engineering, Business, Management, M.C.A., B.C.A. Chartered Accountancy and Cost Accountancy, Repayment of the loan shall be due and will commence after the students has completed his education and settled or after the expire of one year of completion of education/course, whichever is earlier.
Scholarship for Medical & Engineering courses, and PhD studies.
http://www.metdelhi.org/

Muslim Hands
148-164 Gregory Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 5JE; United Kingdom; http://www.muslimhands.org; contact@muslimhands.org
Applications from overseas Muslim students to study in the UK are occasionally considered by the Trust. Please note that the Trust does not have a particular focus on this area of grant-making. Applications in writing to S Bashir at the address
Muslim India Education and Cultural Trust, The
Ehsan House Road 6B, Rajendar Nagar, Patna-800016 OR Mr Syed Shahabuddin, IPS (Retd) Ex MP (Trustee) D-250 Abul Fazl Enclave, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi – 110025; Tel: 26326780, Fax: 16327346; Email: muslim@del3.vsnl.net.in
Criteria : Means-cum-Merit
Scheme: Islamic Association of North America Offers means cum Merit Scholarship to Muslim students. Grant-in-aid for higher and professional courses, coaching for civil Services and admission to Medical/Engineering Colleges.

Muslim World League Secretariat General Education Affair
No. 40, P. O. Box 537, Makkah- Al-Mukarramah, KSA Tel: 5422733 Fax: 5436619/5444787
Criteria: Recommendation from either a person or an organization trusted by Rabita. Non-receipt of scholarship from any other institution
Scheme: Scholarship for B.Sc. Programme in Arabic or Islamic Course holding a general Secondary School Certificate or it’s equivalent
National Minorities Development & Finance Corporation
1, Taimoor Nagar, Opp D996, New Friends Colony, New Delhi 110065; Tel: 011-26326051/57/58/59; Fax: 011-26325651; Website: nmdfc.org

Nakadar Foundation
Pir Bordi Chakla KADI 382715 Distt Mehsana, North Gujarat
Scheme: Every year Gold Medal is awarded to Muslim students of High School and Intermediate of each state who secure more than 75% marks. (Three top students from each state and the country.)
THIS LIST IS SPONSORED BY TWOCIRCLES.NET
National Minorities Development & Finance Corporation
1, Taimoor Nagar, Opp D996, New Friends Colony, New Delhi 110065;
Tel: 011-26326051/57/58/59;
Fax: 011-26325651;

H. E. H. The Nizam Charitable Trust
Haveli Manjli Begum, Shah Ali Banda,
Hyderabad-500002

North South Foundation
Applications can be obtained by writing to:
Mr. S.Ramanathan,
#17, North St, Kalai Nagar
Madurai – 625014
Ph: 0452-2640678
E-Mail: ramrajam2002@yahoo.com
Scholarships are given by “NORTH SOUTH FOUNDATION” of USA, based on exam grades and family situation. The annual family income should be less than Rs 38000 in urban areas and Rs 26000 in rural areas. The scholarship amount mostly covers 100% of tuition fees and ranges from Rs 5000 to Rs 10000 per year.
If called for an interview, 50% of the travel cost will be reimbursed.
The North South Foundation provides scholarships to needy children who display academic excellence in India. The Foundation has distributed more than 2,000 scholarships to students who need financial support to pursue their quest for knowledge in engineering, medicine, polytechnic, science and other fields. The scholarship is an annual award and not a one-time payment. The student is eligible for the scholarship until graduation as long as the high academic standards are maintained.
Main office in India:
Mr Ch Hanumantha Rao,
204 Megha Apts, 2-1-253
Nallakunta, Hyderabad , AP 500 044
Phone: 40-2763-1963 (R)
chrao04@sify.com
Regional offices in the following cities: Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhavnagar, Bhubaneshwar, Chennai, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur, Jodhpur, Kanpur, Katihar, Kochi, Kolkata, Madurai, Mau, North East States (Assam), Pune, Trivandrum. Click here for individual centers contact addresses.
R D Sethna Scholarship Fund
29, H Somani Marg, Fort
Mumbai – 400001
Prerana(supported by Infosys foundation)
Bright students coming from poor financial background who have finished their 10th standard this year (April 2009) and scored more than 80%.
The NGO is conducting a written test and those who clear the test will be eligible for financial help for their further studies.
580, shubhakar, 44th cross,1st main Road,Jayanagar 7th block
Bangalore-mob no- 9900906338(saraswat i)
Mr.Shivkumar( 9986630301) – Hanumanth Nagar office
Ms.Bindu (9964534667) -Yeshwantpur office

Punjab Wakf Board
50, Sardar Patel Marg, AMBALA
(Only For Students Of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh)

Rabitah Al-Alami Al-Islami
P.O. Box No. 537, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia
Tel: (966-2) 5422733 Fax: (966-2) 5446700
S H A Ziauddin Trust
P O Box 777 Guildford GU2 7GW, UK
Applications from anyone studying, or wishing to study, on courses in science, agriculture or environmental protection, and willing to use their skills for the benefit of the peoples of the Indian sub-continent (I.e. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka) will be considered at all times of the year. Successful applicants will generally be sent an award of about £500. Please note that this Trust receives far more applications than it is able to support. Applicants should write for an application form to the contact, giving brief details about themselves, their course and their future plans. If appropriate, an application form and explanatory letter will be sent to them in response to which they can give further details. Contact: R B Viccajee, Secretary

Mr. M R Sherwani
12-A Connaught place New Deihi 110001
Criteria: On the basis of information furnished by the school/college (Only First Divisioners are expected to get the cash prize/award)
Scheme: Sherwani Award to outstanding students who have passed out High School/ Intermediate Examination of any board.

Students Islamic Trust (SIT)
Islamic Development Bank [Jeddah, Saudi Arabia] (IDB)
E-3 Abul Fazl Enclave, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110 025;
Tel. 2692 7004; Fax: 2328 2834;
E-mail: sitdelhi@rediffmail.com;
Website: http://www.sit-india.org
The Student Islamic Trust:
Scholarship for IIT JEE preparation for financially weak .
The whole Programme is divided into four phases; Each phase is followed by one week of preparatory leave for Phase Test. Any of the Phase Test may be considered as “Reshuffling Test”, i.e. student’s batch can be changed as per his/her performance in these tests to maintain the homogeneous level of competence among students. In this regard decision of concerned authorities will be final and binding.
The total fees of this course will be 55,000/- which will be paid by the Student Islamic Trust to the deserving candidates.
http://www.sit-india.org .
Mohd Saifullah Rizwan
Executive Secretary
011-26941028, 999063012

Ta’awun Trust
162, Jogabai Ext., Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi – 110025
Talent Promotion Taawun Trust
3, Palmgrove Road, Victoria Layout, Bangalore-56004
(Only For Students Of Karnataka)
Tamil Nadu Post Matric Scholarship to Minority Students Pursuing XI std. to Ph.D. Level
Commissioner of Minorities Welfare and Managing Director,
Tamil Nadu Minorities Economic
Development Corporation Ltd.,
Chennai – 600 002

U.P. Minorities Financial and Development Corporation Ltd.
746, 7th Floor, Jawahar Bhawan, Lucknow 226001 Or District Minorities Welfare
Officer of the concerned, District
Scheme: Interest Free Loan for talented and needy students of minorities seeking admission to Medical, Technical and Professional courses such as Management, Tourism etc.

UNIFIED COUNCIL
# 16-11-17/B/2/2, Saleem Nagar, Malakpet, Hyderabad – 500 036.
Phones : 040-24545862,24557708,55106095, Fax: 24542215

NATIONAL LEVEL SCIENCE TALENT SEARCH EXAMINATION – 2005
(For students of Classes III,IV,V,VI,VII,VIII,IX,X,XI&XII(CBSE / ICSE/ all
State Board Syllabi) Unified Council is a well known scientific organisation managed by a team of professional. The main purpose of conducting the NSTSE – 2005 is to give STRONG FOUNDATION to the younger generation. In search of excellence, they offer fabulous 12 Personal Computers, 36 Gold Medals, 24 Scholarships, 84 Cash Prizes, 1884 Britannica Encyclopedia CD’s, 175 BMA books & Consolation prizes A total of 1884 prizes for top rankers in this examination.
We also conduct NSSE in Indonesia, Tanzania, UAE,Saudi Arabia, Kuwait,Oman
& Yemen Student’s Performance Report (SPR): We introduced this unique analysis report, first of its kind, which provides real feedback on learning. Question wise and Skill wise analysis will be provided.
For 10+1 & 10+2 students : This is an excellent similation test for students, who are preparing for IIT/AIEEE/All Engineering Entrance exams & AIIMS / JIPMER/AFMC/All Medical Entrance exams.
TEST CENTRES: Spread across the Nation over 200 centres. Exam fee : Rs.100/-
* For a free prospectus and application form send us a self addressed envelop (stamped Rs.5)

United Mass Media Association
161-F Joga Bai Extn. Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025
Criteria: Needy and meritorious students
Scheme: Few Scholarships of Rs 1000.00 per month to students of Journalism and Mass Communication

Waqf Women Foundation
No. 530, 5th Floor, M.S. Building, Vidhan Vidhi, Bangalore, Karnataka
Scheme: Scholarships for female Muslim students for medical courses (MBBS, BUMS), dental engineering and Ded (TCH).

est Bengal Minorities Development & Finance Corporation
POST MATRIC SCHOLARSHIP : WBMDFC has been notified as the implementing agency of the “Post Matric Scholership Scheme” by the Govt. of West Bengal. Application format and other scheme details can be downloaded from this link. Application duly filled in alongwith requisite documents should be submitted to:
the Managing Director,
West Bengal Minorities Dev. & Fin. Corporation,
Bhabani Bhavan (2nd Floor,W), Alipore, Kolkata-700 027
http://www.wbmdfc.org/

World Assembly Of Muslim Youth (WAMY)
P. O. Box No. 10845, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Tel: (966-1) 4641663/4641669 Fax: (966-1) 464171/4641676

Rameshwardasji Birla Smarak Kosh
Scholarships for postgraduate studies in medical or related fields from
Rameshwardasji Birla Smarak Kosh, Medical Research Centre, Hospital Avenue,
Mumbai-400020.

COACHING FOR MUSLIM STUDENTS:
#It is not necessary that the following organizations/institutes offer coaching only to Muslim students.
In alphabetical order:

Alif Academy: Career guidance and counseling at the beginning of academic year. No coaching courses or regular classes.
Contact Person: (Haji) Husain Ali Dharamsi
Address: 53/ 3, Kantharia Mahal, LBS Marg, Kamani, Kurla (West), Mumbai 400070
Mob. (0) 989 210 8249; Email: husainali_dharamsi@yahoo.co.in
Coaching and Guidance Centre, AMU
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Scheme:
Group A
1. Civil Services
2. P.C.S (U.P., M.P., Rajasthan)
3. Indian Engineering. Services
4. Indian Economic/Statistical Services
5. Indian Forest Services
6. Judicial Services Examination
7. Coaching for language improvement
Group B
1. SSC, Combined Graduate Level Examination,
2. Asstt. Commandants Central Police Organisation
3. Probationary Officer
4. Bank, L.I.C, G.I.C, Excise & Income Tax
5. Railways, U.P.S.C.(SCRAS)
6. Asstt. Grade- Asstt Grade Administrative Officers
7. NDA, Sub Inspector, Prelim Exam, C.D.S, S.I.S.
8. Combined Entrance Test ( M.B.A., M.l.B.M, M.F.C., M.T.A., M.S.W.)
Group C
1. B-Tech
2 . Pre- Medical Test Note:
Note:
1. Coaching Programme will be of three months.
2. Stipends available for selected students
3. Selection on merit plus personality test.
4. Application invited on prescribed form.

Crescent career Guidance and Coaching Centre
Seethakathi, Vandalur, Chennai – 600048
Phone: 044-22751155
Scheme: Free coaching and lodging for weaker sections, Particularly Muslims for IAS exam. Separate hostel for boys and girls.

Crescent Educational Foundation
B.61 C K Road, Chanpatana, Bangalore Dist.Karnataka, email : crescent@asia.com ; Tel ++91-80-7251143 / 54443; Mobile ++91-9844143530; PRO: Mr. Syed Ajmal
Criteria : Students from Muslim community (irrespective of any school of thought) but he/she must be from Chanpatana city only
Scheme: Coaching for Xth grade, guidance for professional courses.

Education and Career Guidance Center (ECGC)
Panoor, Pallana P.O. Alappuzha District
Kerala State PIN 690515
Chief Coordinator Mr. Abdul Khader (Basheer)
Tel. 0477-229-7614 (Home)
Organize career guidance programs for students starting from high school
level. A small library. CIGI (Career Information Guidance India) will help ECGC in this program by sending their resource persons for handling these sessions.

Hamdard Study Circle
Talimabad, Sangam Vihar, New Delhi 110062
Scheme: Coaching for Minorities Selection on the basis of examination and interview

India Islamic Cultural Centre
Started in 2008, the aim of this coaching programme is to provide all the facilities during the coaching period to the financially weak deserving candidates of minority community.
87 – 88, Lodhi Estate
New Delhi – 110 003 India
Ph: +91 11 43535353 – 57
Fax: +91 11 43535358
email: info@iiccentre.org
http://www.iiccentre.org/civil_service_choaching.htm

Larkspur House of Learning
(Peronalised Coaching Centre)
3/4, Berlie Street Cross, Langford town, Bangalore
Tel. 080-22727183, 9880711736

Momin’ Students Welfare Trust
MSW Career Guidance & Information Center, # 157 / A, 4th Cross, Behind Naseem PolyClinic, Ilyasnagar, J.P. Nagar Post, Bangalore – 78; Email: msw_trust@yahoo.com, Mobile: 9845567687
Scheme: Conducts a series of free programs offering essential career guidance & in depth information on career for students in selecting their career. Workshops on career opportunities after SSLC / PUC & Counselling individual students. Guidance for students appearing for CET (Karnataka).

Noor Jahan Foundation, Hyderabad
Scheme: Coaching to minority students for the I.A.S., I.P.S., Group-1, Banks and Railways Examinations with free boarding and lodging to the poorest deserving students.
Periyar I.A.S. & I.P.S. Coaching Centre
Periyar Thidal Vepery, Chennai 600007
Scheme: Free coaching for minorities and socially and educationally backward classes

Upward Bound Program Coaching Centres
http://www.imef-ub.org imefna@yahoo.com
Centres: Patna (Bihar), Muzaffarpur (Bihar), Bharuch (Gajarat), Okhla (Delhi), Aligarh (U.P.)
Patna Muslim School UB Center (Patna, Bihar)
Dr. S.M. Nezami (Director of Program)
Tel: 0-612-2671104
pmsit_india@satyam.net.in

Ayub Urdu Girls High UB School Center (Patna, Bihar)
Mrs.Rehana Ibrahim (Principal) Murshida Bano (Incharge UBP)
Tel: 0-612-2672804
aughs2003@yahoo.co.in

Abdus Samad Girls School Center (Patna, Bihar)
Mr. Barkat Ali Khan & Mrs Rehana Khatoon (Incharge UBP)
h_a_samad@yahoo.co.in

Al-Hira School UB Center (Patna, Bihar)
Mohammed Anwar (Inchage UBP)
Tel: 0-612-2660644 (S) 0-612-2691898 ; 91-612-3091669 (F) 91-612-3115834 (M)
alhira@sify.com

Muzaffarpur UB Center (Patna, Bihar)
Dr. Syed Nizamuddin (Director of Program) Janab Naqui Ahmad
Tel: 91-621-2284080
syednizamudin@yahoo.com

Bharuch UB Center (Gujrat)
Maulana Habibur Rahman Matadar & Dr. Ismail Adam Patel (Director of Program)
Tel: 91-2642-2266518; 91-2642-2242122
iqraub@yahoo.co.in

Aligarh UB Center (U.P)
Mr. Amanullah Khan (Director of Program)
Tel: 91-571-2703865; 91-571-2706235
ak1951@rediffmail.com

Delhi UB Center
Dr. Zafar Mahmood (Director of Program)
Tel: 91-11-26827128; 91-11-26327031
info@godsgraces.org

Anjuman Farz-e-Momir
540, Sufi Tola, Masjid Kale Khan, Old City, Bareilly-43005
Scheme: Farz-e-Momin Award to all students of U.P securing lst Division in High School and Intermediate Examination.
Aqsa Educational & Charitable Trust
Vinobhangar, Tumkur – 572101, Karnataka
Tel. 0816-2211457, 2275786 Email: fida@vsnl.com
Scheme: Conducts Islamic open course Examination and distributes awards to toppers

L
Alif Academy
Career guidance and counseling at the beginning of academic year. No coaching courses or regular classes.
Contact Person: (Haji) Husain Ali Dharamsi
Address: 53/ 3, Kantharia Mahal, LBS Marg, Kamani, Kurla (West), Mumbai – 400070
Mob. (0) 989 210 8249; Email: husainali_dharamsi@yahoo.co.in

Centre for coaching & Career Planning (Jamia Millia Islamia)
SRK Hostel Building (Old) Jamia Nagar
New Delhi 110025
Tel No 26985492, 26981717 Ext 4270
Office Telephone Number : +91 (11) 26935383, 26981717 Ext. 4270, 4272
http://jmi.nic.in/cccp/cccp.htm

Free coaching to candidates from Minority, OBC, SC/ST Category.
NET/JRF, B.Tech, Engineering, Diploma, B.Ed & ETE Crash Course
Central Services Preliminary Examination – UPSC
Central Services Main Examination – UPSC
State Services Examination Bihar/Rajasthan/
Madhya Pradesh/Himachal Pradesh/Haryana Public Service Commissions
Judiciary Services
Indian Economic Services
Engineering Services
Combined Defence Services
Indian Military Services
Public Sector Banks
Life Insurance Corporation
Assistant Grade Examination
Management, journalism, Tourism, Computer Science, Engineering and Medical Entrance Examinations
Indian Railway Services
National Eligibility Test / Junior Research Fellow

Coaching and Guidance Centre, AMU
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Scheme:
Group A
1. Civil Services
2. P.C.S (U.P., M.P., Rajasthan)
3. Indian Engineering. Services
4. Indian Economic/Statistical Services
5. Indian Forest Services
6. Judicial Services Examination
7. Coaching for language improvement
Group B
1. SSC, Combined Graduate Level Examination,
2. Asstt. Commandants Central Police Organisation
3. Probationary Officer
4. Bank, L.I.C, G.I.C, • Excise & Income Tax
5. Railways, U.P.S.C.(SCRAS)
6. Asstt. Grade- Asstt Grade Administrative Officers
7. NDA, Sub Inspector, Prelim Exam, C.D.S, S.I.S.
8. Combined Entrance Test ( M.B.A., M.l.B.M, M.F.C., M.T.A., M.S.W.)
Group C
1. B-Tech
2 . Pre- Medical Test Note:
Note:
1. Coaching Programme will be of three months’
2. Stipends available for selected students
3. Selection on merit plus personality test.
4. Application invited on prescribed form.

Crescent career Guidance and Coaching Centre
Vandalur, Chennai – 600048
Scheme: Free coaching and lodging for weaker sections, Particularly Muslims

Crescent Educational Foundation
B.61 C K Road, Chanpatana, Bangalore Dist.Karnataka, email : crescent@asia.com ; Tel ++91-80-7251143 / 54443; Mobile ++91-9844143530; PRO: Mr. Syed Ajmal
Criteria : Students from Muslim community (irrespective of any school of thought) but he/she must be from Chanpatana city only
Scheme: Coaching for Xth grade, guidance for professional courses.

Education and Career Guidance Center (ECGC)
Panoor, Pallana P.O. Alappuzha District
Kerala State PIN 690515
Chief Coordinator Mr. Abdul Khader (Basheer)
Tel. 0477-229-7614 (Home)
Organize career guidance programs for students starting from high school
level. A small library. CIGI (Career Information Guidance India) will help ECGC in this program by sending their resource persons for handling these sessions.

Haj Committee of India
Fax: 022-22620920
Haj House, 7-A M. R. A. Marg, Mumbai – 400001
Tel No. 022-22612969, 09869561704
Scheme: Free Coaching for Civil Services Examination (Preliminary & Main) is provided at Haj House, Mumbai. Last date to submit application is generally around 26th August

Hamdard Study Circle
Talimabad, Sangam Vihar, New Delhi 110062
Scheme: Coaching for Minorities Selection on the basis of examination and interview

India Islamic Cultural Centre
87 – 88, Lodhi Estate, New Delhi – 110 003 India
Ph: +91 11 43535359, Fax: +91 11 43535358
email: info@iiccentre.org; iicccoaching@gmail.com
http://www.iiccentre.org/civil_services.htm
Provides coaching to selected candidates with hostel facilities
Civil Services Coaching
Communicative Course in English for Senior Secondary Students
Coaching for Clerical Staff in Banking Service

Larkspur House of Learning
(Peronalised Coaching Centre)
3/4, Berlie Street Cross, Langford town, Bangalore
Tel. 080-22727183, 9880711736

M.P. Waqf Board
Taj Campus, Near Tajul Masajid,Royal Market, Bhopal – 462001 (M.P.)
Tel. 0755-5256067, Fax 2543175 Email: mp_waqfboard@rediffmail.com
Short-term classes for the students of the economically weaker section of the society in: Computer; Spoken English; Urdu, Arabic

Momin’ Students Welfare Trust
MSW Career Guidance & Information Center, # 157 / A, 4th ‘C’ Cross, Behind Naseem PolyClinic, Ilyasnagar, J.P. Nagar Post, Bangalore – 78; Email: msw_trust@yahoo.com, Mobile: 9845567687
Scheme: Conducts a series of free programs offering essential career guidance & in depth information on career for students in selecting their career. Workshops on career opportunities after SSLC / PUC & Counselling individual students. Guidance for students appearing for CET (Karnataka).

Noor Jahan Foundation, Hyderabad
Scheme: Coaching to minority students for the I.A.S., I.P.S., Group-1, Banks and Railways Examinations with free boarding and lodging to the poorest deserving students.

Periyar I.A.S. & I.P.S. Coaching Centre
Periyar Thidal Vepery, Chennai 600007
Scheme: Free coaching for minorities and socially and educationally backward classes

RESIDENTIAL COACHING ACADEMY (RCA)
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, U.P.
FREE COACHING FOR CIVIL SERVICES/PCS (J)
(For Minorities/SCs/STs (upto 40% for women)
(Free Coaching, Library & Hostel Facilities)
Applications download/apply online at http://www.rcaamu.com

Service Guidance Bureau
Provides pre-examination coaching facilities for varius competitive examinations. Establied in 1983 and has produced 310 officers.
Address: Nanji Ki Haveli, M.D. Road, Jaipur, Rajasthan. 0141-2360300

Sir Syed Coaching & Guidance Centre
‘ZFI Fellowship’ Programme – Coaching for Civil Services Exam
info@zakatindia.org, http://www.zakatindia.org/ProjectsCivilserviceGeneral.html

Taha Educational Trust
# 25/2, Armstrong Road, Shivajinagar, Bangalore – 560001
Phone : 080-41623169
Email : tahaeducationaltrust@gmail.com
Mobile : 9901101930
Civil Services examination coaching, both central and state.

Ummul Qura
Coaching for Chartered Accountancy aspirants
C/o EJAZ AND COMPANY, 39, M.G. Road, Near Bata Show Room, Camp, Pune-411001 Maharashtra. Phone No. / Fax No. : 020-26332157 020-26331955
Mobile No. 09890003304 Email: mail@ummulqura.net

Upward Bound Program Coaching Centres
http://www.imef-ub.org imefna@yahoo.com
Centres: Patna (Bihar), Muzaffarpur (Bihar), Bharuch (Gajarat), Okhla (Delhi), Aligarh (U.P.)

Patna Muslim School UB Center (Patna, Bihar)
Dr. S.M. Nezami (Director of Program)
Tel: 0-612-2671104
pmsit_india@satyam.net.in

Ayub Urdu Girls High UB School Center (Patna, Bihar)
Mrs.Rehana Ibrahim (Principal) Murshida Bano (Incharge UBP)
Tel: 0-612-2672804
aughs2003@yahoo.co.in

Abdus Samad Girls School Center (Patna, Bihar)
Mr. Barkat Ali Khan & Mrs Rehana Khatoon (Incharge UBP)
h_a_samad@yahoo.co.in

Al-Hira School UB Center (Patna, Bihar)
Mohammed Anwar (Inchage UBP)
Tel: 0-612-2660644 (S) 0-612-2691898 (R) 91-612-3091669 (F) 91-612-3115834 (M)
alhira@sify.com

Muzaffarpur UB Center (Patna, Bihar)
Dr. Syed Nizamuddin (Director of Program) Janab Naqui Ahmad
Tel: 91-621-2284080
syednizamudin@yahoo.com

Bharuch UB Center (Gujrat)
Maulana Habibur Rahman Matadar & Dr. Ismail Adam Patel (Director of Program)
Tel: 91-2642-2266518; 91-2642-2242122
iqraub@yahoo.co.in

Aligarh UB Center (U.P)
Mr. Amanullah Khan (Director of Program)
Tel: 91-571-2703865; 91-571-2706235
ak1951@rediffmail.com

Delhi UB Center
Dr. Zafar Mahmood (Director of Program)
Tel: 91-11-26827128; 91-11-26327031
info@godsgraces.org
Dr. Salman Abid, Coordinator
MESCO Institute of Management and Computer Science
22-1-1037/1 Darushshiefa, Hyderabad-500024
Ph. No.: 040-24567890, 040 – 24411907 (M) 098491-54810
Email: mescoecg@hotmail.com
Website: http://www.mescoeducation.com
PROGRAMME:MBA (Integrated), BBA, M.A(IS), BCA, BSc.(IT),
PGDC PGDMPL, PGDB, PGDDTN, DCE, DHN

Mr. Naween Raj Bhatia, Coordinator
Al-Ameen Educational & Welfare Trust
New Horizon School,
Nizamuddin East, New Delhi – 110013
Ph. No.: 24359252, 26841261, (M) 9871090282
E-mail: faruqui@winfosystem.com
naveenraj@hotmail.com
PROGRAMME: BCA, B.Sc. (IT), BBA, DCE, DHN

Mr. Zainu-ul Abedin, Coordinator
Dr. Zakhir Hussian Memorial Sr. Secondary School,
Jafrahbad, Delhi – 110053
(Mohd. Izhar) (M) 30954305
Ph. No.: 011-22198465, 23212734
E-mail: SCHOOL@BOL.NET.IN
PROGRAMME: BCA, B.Sc. (IT), BBA, DCE

Dr. Muhammed Iqbal A. Saiyed, Coordinator
Mr. Hanif Bhai 09825907702
SYMGA School
(Surat Young Muslim Graduates Association)
Sagrampura, Surat
Ph: 0261-2474766 (M) 09327333166
PROGRAMME: BCA, B.Sc. (IT), BBA, DCE, DHN

Mr. Rais B Munshi Coordinator
Ahmedabad Sunni Muslim Wakf Committee
Opp. G.P.P. Salapose Road, Ahmedabad-380001
Ph: 079 25506738
Fax: 079-25511096
E-mail munshi_edu@yahoo.com
PROGRAMME: BBA, BCA, DCE, DHN & Certificate
Courses.

Dr. (Mrs.) G. K. Sepoy, Coordinator
Anjuman-E-Talimi Idara,
1, River View, Lal Bagh, Bharuch – 392001
Ph. No.: 02642-260082
E-mail: profzssaiyed@yahoo.com
PROGRAMME: M.B.A.(Integrated), BBA, MA(IS),
PGDMPL, PGDC, PGDB, BCA, B.Sc. (IT), DHN, DCE

Mr. R.K. Saiyed, Coordinator
The F.D. Education Society
F.D. College Road, Jamalpur Gate, Ahmedabad 380001
Ph:079 25382258, 25391112
Fax: 079 25382258
E-mail fdedusoc@yahoo.com
PROGRAMME: M.A., BCA, BSc (IT), BBA, DCE, DHN &
Certificate Courses

Mr. B.Y. Chokiwala, Coordinator
Munshi (Manubarwala) Memorial Charitable Trust
Dahej By- Pass Road, Bharuch. Gujarat. 392001
Ph: 02642- 223055/223067
Fax: 02642 –223582
E-mail: munshie du@hotmail.com
Web: http://www.munshiedu.com
PROGRAMME: BCA, BBA, DCE & Certificate Courses

Mr. Khalid Moosa Nadvi, Coordinator
Religious Education Trust,
P.O. Kuttiadi, Kozhidode, Kerala – 673508.
Ph.No.: 0496 – 2597039
E-mail: ret480@rediffmail.com
PROGRAMME: BCA, B.Sc. (IT), BBA, DCE & Certificate
Courses

Prof. P. A. Abdul Azeez , Coordinator
Al Jamia Al Islamiya
Santapuram, P.B.No:1,Pattikkad P.O. Malppuiram- 679325
Kerala
Ph.No: 04933 270439
E- mail: aljamia@rediffmail.com
Fax: 270565
PROGRAMME: M.A.(IS), PGDMPL, BBA, BCA, DCE,
DHN

Mr. Irshad A. Khan, Coordinator
Khair Technical Centre (ITI)
Domaria Ganj Siddharth Nagar– 272189
Ph. No.: 05541 – 244438 (M) 9415482379
E-mail: khaircentre@rediffmail.com
PROGRAMME: BCA, B.Sc. (IT), BBA, DCE & Certificate Courses

Prof. Syed Jamaluddin, Coordinator
Al Barakaat Institute of Management Studies
Anoopshahr Road, Aligarh – 202001
Ph. No.: 0571-2404117, 3091309 (M) 09837081001
E-mail: jdinlam@yahoo.com
albarkaat@rediffmail.com
PROGRAMME: M.B.A (Integrated), BBA, BCA, B.Sc.(IT), DCE, DHN

Mr. Rehmatullah Khan, Coordinator
Jamea-Tus -Salehat
Rahe Murtaza, Rampur – 244901
Ph. No.:0595- 2350784
Fax: 2351508
E-mail: khan_ru67@rediffmail.com
PROGRAMME: BCA, BBA, DCE, DHN & Certificate Courses

Prof. R.C. Narang, Coordinator
Raheemia Public School
Qazipura, Bijnore-246701
Ph. No.:01342-262767, 264015, (M) 9837469978
E-mail: joherdashing@hotmail.com
PROGRAMME: BBA, BCA, DCE, DHN & Certificate Courses

Mr. Nazim Baig, Coordinator
Islamia Girls Inter College
Civil Lines, Islamia Market Road, Bareilly-243001
Ph.:0581-2570903, (M) 09412289134
Fax: 0581-2514812
E-mail: Bar@up.nic.in
PROGRAMME: BBA, BCA, BSc. (IT), DCE & Certificate
Courses

Dr. K.M. Aarif, Coordinator
Alliance Distance Education Institute
108, Municipal Industria l Estate, Off. Dr. E. Moses Road, Gandhi
Nagar, Worli, Mumbai –400018
Ph. 022-24973413
Fax: 24973413
E-Mail: adei@rediffmail.com
PROGRAMME: MBA(Integrated), BBA, DCE

List of Organizations offering scholarships to Minority students

We, at MG, receive a lot of queries on scholarships. We are presenting details of some organisations below. We will strive to add more organisations to this list and frequently update this page. #It is not necessary that the following organizations/institutes offer scholarships only to Muslim students.
In alphabetical order

A.Q.M Salehuddin and Najmun Nisa Memorial Trust
Offer Merit cum Means Scholarships to needy Assamese Muslim Students for post Higher Secondary Education.
21 BAGHARBARI ROAD, PANJABARI, GUWAHATI-781037 ASSAM
Tel. 0361-2333962
e-mail: komoruz@gmail.com
Aamir Mustafa Kidwai Trust
Contact Person: Mrs Aziza Kidwai
B-28, West End Colony, New Delhi – 110021; Tel. 011-24670009, Mob: 09868679107
Scheme: Financial assistance & scholarships for pursuing higher studies to needy and meritorious persons belonging to educationally backward minorities.
Aaghaz Educational Foundation
Scholarship Forms for both Post Metric and Pre Metric school going children
4th Floor, Bank of India Bldg, (next to Ram Asrey Sweet Shop), Shahnajaf Road, Lucknow – 226001
Tel: 9335902671, 9415020212
Aga Khan Education Service, India
Aga Khan Education Service, India
C/o Diamond Jubilee High School for Boys
Aga Hall Compound
Mazagaon
Mumbai 400010
Tel: (22) 23731811 / 23731701 / 23731852
Fax: (22) 23731488
Email: admin@akesi.org
Aga Khan Foundation (UK)
Aga Khan Foundation, Sarojini House, 6 Bhagwan Das Road, New Delhi 110001
Scheme: University study in the UK for grad and post grad programmes
Agha Khan Program for Islamic Architecture, The
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77, Massacuhsetts Ave. Vomm 7-238, Cambridge M A 02139-4307 USA
Scheme: Three scholarships awarded every year for research & investigation in Architecture of the Muslim world.

Ajmal Foundation
Scholarships through Ajmal Talent Search Examination (Class III to XII); Apply by September end each year to appear in the exam. (Assam students only)
Secretary, ATS Examination, College Road, Hojai, Nagaon, Assam – 782435, India,Tel. 03674-254514, Fax: 253199, Mob: 9435062706 http://www.atseassam.org/
E_mail: info@atseassam.org
Al-Ameen Charitable fund Trust Super tannery (I) Ltd.
Jajmau Road, Jajmau, Kanpur – 208 010 (U.P.)
Scheme: Post Metric Scholarship for higher education

Al-Ameen Welfare Society
Zakat scholarships to deserving poor Assamese Muslim students. Deserving post matriculation students already admitted to educational institutions are eligible. There is no last date for application as these are given as long as the funds last.
Contact: K.Z.N.AHMED, 21 Bagharbari Road, Panjabari, Guwahati-781037,Assam
Al-Ameen Scholarship Trust (R)
Ground Floor, Al-Ameen College Campus,
Near Lalbagh Main Gate, Hosur Road,
Bangalore – 560027. Phone: 080-2223 5626 Extn. 759
Al-Ikhlas Foundation
Peer Jaleel Masjid, Raikhad, Ahmedabad – 380001
Tel. 079-25328079, 9924374810, 9377886601 amirulhaque78692@yahoo.co.in
Education / Religious / Scholarships / Prizes

All India Talent Identification And Promotion Trust
#7, SRK Garden, Jayanagar (E), Bangalore-41 Tel. 080-56969672, 6646861
Email: admin@aitipt.org; aitipt@yahoo.co.in Web: http://www.aitipt.org

American Alumni Association
Vulcan Insurance Building, 1st Floor
Veer Nariman Road
Church Gate
Mumbai 400 020 , Tel: (022) 2282 1413, 2282 1485

Apex Life Scholarship, The
The Coordinator (SCI Deptt.)
APEX Life International, No. 250, First Floor,
Sant Nagar, East of Kailash, New Delhi – 110065
APEX Life Scholarships for the school and college students for higher
studies in India and overseas.
Assam Government Scholarships
Contact: Deputy Secretary, Government of Assam, Education Department (CTM), Kahalipara, Assam
Study programme: Postgraduate study
Applicant profile: Residents of Assam
Asma Foundation (Regd)Hospital Road
Distt. Madhubani, Bihar 847211
B. D. GOENKA FOUNDATIONAddress: Express Building, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg,New Delhi – 110002
Scholarship for Photography & Journalism
Amount covers Rs 1,00,000/- each and a Citation
The Barakat Trust (UK)
The Oriental Institute, The University of Oxford
Oxford OX1 2LG , Tel: 00 44 (0) 1865 278069
Fax: 00 44 (0) 1865 278228, http://www.barakat.org/grants.php
Basic Research, Education And Development (BREAD)
Invites applications for financial aid from the students who had excelled in public exams, but could not afford to study further.
During the year 2004-05, BREAD will offer scholarships in science and technology : Engineering, Computer Science, Medicine, Veterinary Science, Agriculture, Pharmacy, Polytechnics, Mathematics and Sciences.
BREAD and North South Foundation (NSF) have awarded over 2,000 Scholarships over the years.
The eligibility criteria include : a family income of less than Rs,38,000
(Rs.26,000 in rural areas) ; top five per cent ranks in Common Entrance Tests (CET) of 85 per cent marks in intermediate or equivalent examination with relaxation of five per cent to rural and girl students in ranks/percentages ; rank of first attempt preferred; coming from Government or Government aided schools only; first year students in the course of study chosen; students eligible for other scholarships will not normally be eligible for BREAD scholarships. Shortlised candidates will be interviewed before the final selection.
The application form for Andhra Pradesh could be had from Ch. Hanumantha Rao, 204 Megha Apts, 2-1-253 Nallakunta, Hydreabad – 500 044 by sending a self-addressed, stamped envelope with rank card of CET or mark sheet of intermediate or equivalent examination this year. The deadline for filing of applications is July 31.
Sri M. Siva Ram Prasad, BREAD,401, Diamond House Adjacent to Amrutha Hills Punjagutta, Hyderabad-500 082
Bazm-e-Niswan Charitable Trust (R)
No.37, Muniswamy Road,
Tasker Town, Bangalore – 560051. Phone: 080-2286 0023 / 2286 5231
Bharat Petroleum Scholarships
Eligibility: Indian citizen, holding a degree from a recognised university and residing in India at the time of application, and who have secured at least 65% in Arts and 70% in Engineering, Science or Commerce at the Graduate level. The applicant should be below 25 years as on first of September.
Students with confirmed admission to any full time, two years Post Graduate Degree Course (in any field of education other than fine arts), at any recognised University / Institute of repute in India or abroad.
http://www.bharatpetroleum.com/scholarship/
Bharat Seva Trust
12 A, Connaught Place New Delhi-110001; Tel. 23323917 Email: bharatsevatrust@sify.com

Central Wakf Council
14/173, Jam Nagar House, Shahjahan Road, New Delhi-110011; Tel. 23384465; Fax. 23070881; Email: central_wakf_council@vsnl.net Web: http://www.wbmdfc.org/wakf/index.html
Criteria: Father’s Annual income not more than Rs 75000.00 per annum.
Scheme: Scholarship to students of B.E., M.B.B.S, B.D.S, B.Sc., A.M.D.Sc (Alig), M.B.A., M.Sc., L.L.B., Scholarship Rs 6000.00 per annum

The Children Foundation
Students studying from the V to the XII standard
Post Box No -5007, Chennai – 600090 Tamil Nadu
info@childrenfoundation.net
Activities mainly in the state of Kerala
Provide scholarship for academically excellent student who lack the financial freedom in choosing and building their career
http://www.childrenfoundation.net/apply.html
Crescent Educational Foundation
B.61 C K Road, Chanpatana, Bangalore Dist.Karnataka, email : crescent@asia.com ; Tel ++91-80-7251143 / 54443; Mobile ++91-9844143530; PRO: Mr. Syed Ajmal
Criteria : Students from Muslim community (irrespective of any school of thought) but he/she must be from Chanpatana city only
Scheme: Scholarship to students of professional courses.
Danish Educational Trust (R)
Only for boys from Bangalore
No. 85, Sheriff House, Richmond Road,
Next to Karnataka State Hajj Committee Office, Bangalore – 560025.
danishtrust@gmail.com 080 – 41121281
Dawodbhoy Fazalbhoy Muslim Educational Trust
42, Ibrahim Md. Merchant Road, Dhadah Khadak, Mumbai 400 029, E-mail: assurfam@vsnl.com

Debesh-Kamal Scholarships
Indian students who wish to pursue higher studies or research abroad. The scholarship is for a maximum period of 1 year and the amount is approximately rupees 1 lakh.
Eligibility: Not be more than 30 years of age and should have a good academic record with a first class graduate degree. They should also have been offered a place in a university program before they apply for the scholarship.
Application: For application forms apply to:
The Secretary, Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture,
Gol Park, Kolkata – 700 029 West Bengal
Phone: 033 2464 1303, 2466 1235; Email : rmic@vsnl.com
Delhi Wakf Board
Near Bachchon Ka Ghar, Daryaganj, Delhi – 110006
DIRECTORATE OF MINORITIES
20 Floor, V.V.Towers, Ambedkar Veedhi, Bangalore 560 001.
Phone:080-2286 3618. Fax : 080-22863618 Email: info@gokdom.com http://www.gokdom.kar.nic.in/
Dr. Ambedkar Foundation
Scholarship for Overseas Fellowships for Postgraduates, Doctoral, Research
in Law, Economics, Sociology, International Relations
Eligibility : Bachelor/Master Degree in the relevant field
Notification : See employment News
Address : Dr. Ambedkar Foundation, 25, Ashoka Road, New Delhi – 110001
Dr. Zakir Hussain Memorial Trust
4, Gul Mohar Avenue, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025
Erasmus Mundus Scholarship
The scholarship is for students who wish to pursue a Masters at Universities in either Germany and Portugal or Germany and France. The scholarship covers the entire duration of the Masters program.
http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/programmes/mundus/index_en.html
Fadel Educational Foundation, Inc.
FEF, Inc., is a non-profit educational foundation supporting education for Muslim U.S. citizens and permanent residents only. The awards are distributed on a need/merit basis.
P.O. Box 212135 , Augusta , GA 30917-2135 USA
http://www.fadelfoundation.org
Foundation for Academic Excellence and Access (FAEA)
B-41, Qutab Institutional Area, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi – 110 016, Phone: 2696 4290, 2696 5211 Fax: 2696 4580, E-mail: inquiry@faeaindia.org
Criteria: Undergraduate studies in Arts / Commerce / Science / Medical / Engineering and other technical and professional discipline at any University / Institution / College of students choice anywhere in India.
Eligibility: 1. Indian Nationals. 2. Students who are currently in Class XII or have passed Class XII from a recognised board in India. Those in the 1st year of the undergraduate course (any discipline) are also eligible to apply.
Scope: Tuition fee, maintenance allowance or hostel/mess charges and other allowances to cover travel, clothing and books. Scholarships are tenable up to a maximum of five years. All grants are renewed annually based on Scholars good academic performance.
How to apply: Use form available at http://www.faeaindia.org.
Fulbright Fellowships For Indian Citizens
USEFI – Fulbright fellowship programs for Indian academics and professionals to go to the United States for periods ranging from two to twelve months
http://www.fulbright-india.org/fellowships/indians/indgen.htm
Foundation for economic and educational development
Gives scholarships for Higher education
1-8-353 to 355, Begumpet, Besides HUDA Office, Secunderabad – 500 003, A.P., India
Phone Nos. (++91) (40) 27907680 / 27901426 Fax: (++91) (40) 27901239
Web site: http://www.feed-hyd.org E-mail: support@feed-hyd.org
Foundation for Social Care
Director, Scholarship programme: Ziaur-Rahman Siddiqui
185/A Johari Farm, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110 025. Tel.: (011) 26317311; fsc_admin@rediffmail.com
fscscholarship@yahoo.co.in; http://www.fscwecare.org ;

Free coaching classes for minorities, girls for exams from IIT to IAS

New Delhi: The Government is set to announce a residential coaching scheme for minority students towards effecting a radical improvement in their employment and representation in government and industry — one of the objectives laid down in the Sachar Committee report on improving the state of minorities.

The Human Resource Development (HRD) Ministry will soon roll out an ambitious scheme that envisages coaching for all government examinations — from Civil Services to state-level examinations — for minority students selected after an all-India merit test.

The scheme will be announced soon and sources said efforts are on to have it included in the Prime Minister’s speech on Independence Day.

“The idea is to train students to crack every major exam from IAS to IIT. While Phase I will see five universities starting the coaching programmes, Phase II will extend it to 10 other universities. While the coaching will be free, there may be a nominal charge for residential facilities,”said an official.

Keen to get the scheme launched, the HRD Ministry will open Academies of Minority Coaching in Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) in Uttar Pradesh, Jamia Hamdard University in Delhi, Maulana Azad Urdu University in Hyderabad and the Ambedkar University this year itself. As many as 200 students will be enrolled. The coaching programmes will run from five weeks to a year depending on the examination.

The scheme, mooted by Kapil Sibal, was taken up on priority basis by HRD Secretary for Higher Education R P Agarwal who has already held discussions with the Vice Chancellors of these universities.

The HRD Ministry plans to expand the ambit of this scheme to include SC/STs and women among those eligible. In fact, the 10 other universities will be women universities. An estimated 40 per cent of those enrolled for this coaching should be women, as per the Ministry’s plans.

The residential coaching programme takes off from the Scheme of Coaching for SC/ST Students and Minority Community Candidates for National Education Testing (NET). While the UGC scheme was quite a non-starter, this scheme will be a far improved version.

Universities which will conduct this coaching will be provided some seed money and the freedom to employ their staff for the coaching classes besides inviting experts.

Eligibility for UPSC Civil Service Exam

Nationality
A candidate must be either:
1. a citizen of India, or
2. a subject of Nepal, or
3. a subject of Bhutan, or
4. a Tibetan refugee who came over to India before 1st January, 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India.
5. a person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Srilanka, East African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India.
Provided that a candidate belonging to categories (b), (c), (d) and (e) shall be a person in whose favour a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Government of India.
Age Limits
A candidate must have attained the age of 21 years and must not have attained the age of 30 years on 1st August, in the year of examination.
The upper age limit prescribed above will be relaxable in the follwing cases:
o Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe: upto a maximum of five years.
o Other Backward Classes: upto a maximum of three years.
o State of Jammu & Kashmir (Domiciled during the period from the 1st January, 1980 to 31st December, 1989): upto a maximum of five years.
o Defence Services personnel : upto a maximum of five years
o (disabled in operations during hostilities with any foreign country or in a disturbed area and released as a consequence thereof)
o Ex-servicemen including Commissioned officers and ECOs/SSCOs who have rendered at least five years Military Service and have been released (i) on completion of assignment otherwise than by way of dismissal or discharge on account of misconduct or inefficiency, or (ii) on account of physical disability attributable to Military Service, or (iii) on invalidment: upto a maximum of five years.
o ECOs/SSCOs who have completed an initial period of assignment of five years of Military Service and whose assignment has been extended beyond five years and in whose case the Ministry of Defence issues a certificate that they can apply for civil employment and that they will be released on three month’s notice on selection from the date of receipt of offer of appointment : upto a maximum of five years.
o Blind, deaf-mute and Orthopaedically handicapped persons: upto a maximum of ten years.
NOTE I
Cumulative Age relaxation:
Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and the Other Backward Classes who are also covered under other clauses mentioned above will be eligible for grant of cumulative age-relaxation under both the categories.
Ex-servicemen eligibility:
The term ex-servicemen will apply to the persons who are defined as ex-servicemen in the Ex-servicemen (Re-employment in Civil Services and Posts) Rules, 1979, as amended from time to time.
The age concession will not be admissible to Ex-Servicemen and Commissioned Officers including ECOs/SSCOs, who are released on own request.
NOTE II
Date of Birth Certificate:
The date of birth accepted by the Commission is that entered in the Matriculation or Secondary School Leaving Certificate or in a certificate recognized by an Indian University as equivalent to Matriculation or in an extract from a Register of Matriculates maintained by a University, which extract must be certified by the proper authority of the University or in the Higher Secondary or an equivalent examination certificate.
No other document relating to age like horoscopes, affidavits, birth extracts from Municipal Corporation, service records and the like will be accepted.
Once the date of birth is recorded in the Commission, no change is allowed subsequently (or at any other Examination of the Commission) on any grounds whatsoever.
Educational Qualifications
The candidate must hold a degree of any of Universities incorporated by an Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutions established by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemed as a University Under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956, or possess an equivalent qualification.
NOTE:
Candidates who have appeared at an examination which would educationally qualify them for the UPSC examination but have not received the the results will also be eligible for admission to the Preliminary Examination. They will have to produce the proof of passing the requisite examination with their application for the Main Examination.
In exceptional cases, UPSC may treat a candidate who has not any of the foregoing qualifications as a qualified candidate, provided that he has passed examination conducted by other Institutions, which UPSC deems fit.
Candidates possessing professional and technical qualifications, recognised by Government as equivalent to professional and technical degree would also be eligible for admission to the examination.
Candidates who have passed the final professional M.B.B.S. or any other Medical Examination but have not completed their internship by the time of submission of their applications for the Civil Services (Main) Examination, will be provisionally admitted to the Examination. They will however, have to submit a copy of a certificate from the concerned authority of the University/Institution that they have passed the requisite final professional medical examination with their application . In such cases, the candidates will be required to produce original Degree or a certificate from the University/Institution at the time of their interview .
Number of attempts
The maximum number of attempts restriction is effective from the examination held in 1984. In case other eligibility conditions apply:

o General candidates: four attempts.
o Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe candidates: No restriction.
o Other Backward Classes: seven attempts.

NOTE 1:
An attempt at a Preliminary Examination is considered an attempt at the examination.
If a candidate actually appears in any one paper in the Preliminary Examination, he is considered to have made an attempt at the examination.
Notwithstanding the disqualification/cancellation of candidature the fact of appearance of the candidate at the examination will count as an attempt.
NOTE 2: Restrictions on reapplying for the examination
A candidate who is appointed to the Indian Administrative Service or the Indian Foreign Service on the results of an earlier examination and continues to be a member of that service will not be eligible to compete at this examination.
If a candidate is appointed to the IAS/IFS after the Preliminary Examination of Civil Services Examination is over and he/she continues to be a member of that service, he/she shall not be eligible to appear in the Civil Services (Main) Examination notwithstanding his/her having qualified in the Preliminary Examination.

If a candidate is appointed to IAS/IFS after the commencement of the Civil Services (Main) Examination, but before the result thereof and continues to be a member of that service, he/she shall not be considered for appointment to any service/post on the basis of the result of this examination.

http://amaneducationaltrust.blogspot.in

FAQs @CLAT

FAQ’s
Q1. What is CLAT?
ANS. CLAT (Common Law Admission Test) is a non-statutory body created under a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the convenience of the students seeking admission to various National Law Universities in the country. An entrance test is conducted to provide a list of candidates on the basis of ‘merit-cum-preference’ to each University for admission to their UG/PG programs, as per the eligibility, reservation and other criteria laid down under the respective statutes of the participating Universities. The Common Law Admission Test (CLAT), is an all India entrance examination, conducted on rotation by 17 National Law Universities (NLUs) for admissions to their Under-Graduate and Post-Graduate degree programs.

Q2. Who conducts CLAT?
ANS. The first CLAT Core Committee consisting of Vice-Chancellors of participating NLUs had decided that the test should be conducted by rotation in the order of their establishment. The first CLAT exam was conducted by NLSIU Bangalore in 2008, the ninth Common Law Admission Test (CLAT 2017) shall be conducted by Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Punjab.

Q3. How to apply for CLAT?
ANS. Online forms are available on clat.ac.in from 1st January 2017 onwards. Normally forms are available in hard copy and online, however for the 2017 CLAT, forms will be available online only.

Q4. What is the Eligibility criterion for CLAT?
ANS. Eligibility Criteria for Appearing in CLAT-2017

For U G Program

1. Passed 10+2 or equivalent examination with the minimum of: –
(a) Forty-five percent (45%) marks in case of candidates belonging to Unreserved/OBC/ (Specially Abled Persons) Categories and
(b) Forty percent (40%) marks in case of candidates belonging to SC/ST Category

2. Candidates who are appearing in the qualifying examination in April/May 2017 are also eligible for appearing in CLAT-2017 examination. However, they shall be required to produce an evidence of their passing the qualifying examination at the time of admission, failing which they shall lose their right to be considered for admission.

3. No upper age limit is prescribed for appearing in CLAT-2017. *

* Bar Council of India has come with a new circular which prescribed that, as per the clause 28 of the legal education rules 2008, the maximum age for seeking admission in the 5 years integrated program is 20 years. But this not finalized yet.

For P G Programme

1. LL.B. or equivalent degree in law examination with a minimum of 55% marks in case of Unreserved/OBC/ (Especially abled persons) categories and 50% marks in case of SC/ST category

2. Candidates who are appearing in the qualifying examination in March/April 2017 are also eligible for appearing in CLAT-2017 examination. However, they shall be required to produce evidence of their passing the qualifying examination in the respective National Law Universities at the time of admission failing which they shall lose their right to be considered for admission.

3. No upper age limit is prescribed for appearing in CLAT-2017

Q5. Which are the Law Schools Participating in CLAT?
ANS. 1. National Law School of India University, Bangalore (NLSIU)
2. National Academy of Legal Study and Research University of Law, Hyderabad (NALSAR)
3. The National Law Institute University, Bhopal(NLIU)
4. The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata (WBNUJS)
5. National Law University, Jodhpur (NLUJ)
6. Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur (HNLU)
7. Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar (GNLU)
8. Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow (RMLNLU)
9. Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Punjab (RGNUL)
10. Chanakya National Law University, Patna (CNLU)
11. The National University of Advanced Legal Studies, Kochi (NUALS)
12. National Law University Odisha, Cuttack (NLUO)
13. National University of Study and Research in Law, Ranchi (NUSRL)
14. National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam (NLUJAA)
15. Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University, Visakhapatnam (DSNLU)
16. Tamil Nadu National Law School, Tiruchirappalli (TNNLS)
17. Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai (MNLU)

Q6. How many seats are available in the law schools participating in CLAT?
ANS. The details of seats as per CLAT 2017 information brochure is as below:
1. NLSIU, Bangalore – TOTAL 80 – General 55, SC 12, ST 6, PWD 2, Foreign National 5
2. NALSAR, Hyderabad – TOTAL 99 – General 65, SC 13, ST 6, Foreign National 15, State Domicile 28
3. NLIU, Bhopal – TOTAL 120 – General 68, SC 8, ST 4, NRI/NRI Sponsored 18, J&K residents- 2, State Domicile 54
4. WBNUJS, Kolkata – TOTAL 125 – General 74, SC 13, ST 7, PWD 2, NRI/NRI Sponsored 18, J&K residents- 2 Foreign National 4, State Domicile- 10
5. NLUJ, Jodhpur – TOTAL 115 – General 77, SC 15, ST 8, NRI/NRI Sponsored 15, PWD 2, State Domicile 80
6. HNLU, Raipur – TOTAL 180 – General 62, SC 12, ST 6, PWD 2, NRI/NRI Sponsored 16, Foreign National 4, State Domicile 80
7. GNLU, Gandhinagar – TOTAL 180 – General 115, SC 27, ST 14, PWD 5, NRI/NRI Sponsored 17, Foreign National 6, State Domicile 44
8. RMLNLU, Lucknow – TOTAL 160 – General 80, State Domicile 80, NRI/NRI sponsored
9. RGNUL, Patiala – TOTAL 175 – General 133, SC 27, ST 14, PWD 4, Foreign National 5, State Domicile 18
10. CNLU, Patna – TOTAL 120 – General 60, NRI/NRI Sponsored / Foreign National 20, State Domicile 60
11. NUALS, Kochi – TOTAL 120 – General 33, PWD 2, NRI Sponsored 12, Foreign National 4, State Domicile 29
12. NLUO, Orissa – TOTAL 159 – General 78, SC 10, ST 14, PWD 4, NRI/NRI Sponsored 10, Foreign National 4
13. NUSRL, Ranchi – TOTAL 120 – General 24, SC 8, ST 4, OBC 14, State Domicile 50
14. NLUJA, Assam – TOTAL 60 – General 30, SC 4, ST 9, PWD 2, State Domicile 15
15. DSNLU , Vishakhapatnam – Total 132, General 12, State Domicile 120
16. TNNLS, Tiruchirapalli – Total 180, General 70, SC 14, ST 6, State Domicile 90
17. MNLU, Mumbai – Total-50, General 25, SC 7, ST 3, OBC 9

Q7. When is CLAT scheduled for?
ANS. The scheduled date of Common Law Admission Test 2017 is 8th May, 2017 (Sunday).

Q8. What is the question paper pattern for CLAT Exams?
ANS. Pattern for CLAT exam as below:

Total Marks 200
Number of multiple-choice questions of one mark each 200
Duration of examination Two Hours
Subject areas with Weightage:
English including Comprehension 40 Marks
General Knowledge and Current Affairs 50 Marks
Elementary Mathematics (Numerical Ability) 20 Marks
Legal Aptitude 50 Marks
Logical Reasoning 40 Marks

For every wrong answer there is negative marking of 0.25 marks.
In case of equal marks secured by candidates, the procedure to break the tie will be as per the following order:
(i) Higher marks in the section of legal aptitude in CLAT-2017
(ii) Higher age
(iii) Computerized draw of lots
Q9. What is the syllabus for CLAT?
ANS. Syllabus for CLAT exam as below:

Scope and coverage of questions under different subject areas:

1. English including comprehension-
The English section will test the candidates’ proficiency in English based on comprehension passages and grammar. In the comprehension section, candidates will be questioned on their understanding of the passage and its central theme, meanings of words used therein etc. The grammar section requires correction of incorrect grammatical sentences, filling of blanks in sentences with appropriate words, etc.

2. General Knowledge and Currents Affairs-
As far as general knowledge is concerned; the candidates will be tested on their general awareness including static general knowledge. Questions on current affairs will test candidates on their knowledge of current affairs.

3. Mathematics-
This section will test candidate’s knowledge on elementary mathematics, i.e. maths taught up to Class X.

4. Legal Aptitude-
This section will test candidate’s interest towards study of law, research aptitude and problem solving ability. Questions will be framed with the help of legal propositions (described in the paper), and a set of facts to which the said proposition has to be applied. Some propositions may not be “true” in the real sense (e.g. the legal proposition may be that any person who speaks in a movie hall and disturbs others that are watching the movie will be banned from entering any movie theatre across India for one year). Candidates will have to assume the “truth” of these propositions and answer the questions accordingly.

5. Logical Reasoning-
The purpose of the logical reasoning section is to test the candidate’s ability to identify patterns, logical links and rectify illogical arguments. It will include a wide variety of logical reasoning questions such as syllogisms, logical sequences, analogies, etc. However, visual reasoning will not be tested.

Q10. Will CLAT have Negative marking?
ANS. Yes, the CLAT exam, has a system of Negative Marking, wherein 0.25 mark will be deducted for each of the wrong answers.

Q11.How should I prepare for CLAT?
ANS. The preparation of CLAT is very exhaustive. Over the years due to the increase in the number of students opting for the exam, the level of competition has increased considerably. Due to the factors of competition and open syllabus, most students prefer to prepare under proper guidance. There are various preparation courses spanning from 2 years’ preparation to 1 year and even 1.5 months. As much as possible if a student is serious for Law as a career and desirous of joining a Top Law university it is better to do in depth preparation. Long term preparation programs are better as they help to pace oneself to do in depth preparation. Having said that it is not that the intensive course does not have students securing top ranks, it’s just that the academic pressure is considerably more.

One of the main aspects that would help you to prepare for the exam is to develop a habit of maintaining notes related to current affairs. The Static General Knowledge requires relevant material in History, Geography, Economics and General Sciences, and a proper understanding of basic legal concepts and legal reasoning along with basic and advanced concepts of Analytical and critical reasoning. Quantitative aptitudes consisting of Class X level concepts are required. All the mentioned sections should be practiced keeping in mind the time constraints. The CLAT exam does not have any structured syllabi to adhere to making it all though more challenging!

Q12. Where can I obtain a CLAT Information Brochure?
ANS. The CLAT Information Brochure can be downloaded from the CLAT website (clat.ac.in) as well as the websites of the members of the National Law Universities.

Q13. Where do I get the application form?
ANS. For the year 2017, the Application Forms and Information Brochure were available in designated State Bank of India branches or were also available online from 1st January 2017 onwards.

Q14. Do I have to separately purchase Application Form?
ANS. No, normally it is provided with the information brochure.

Q15. What is the cost of CLAT-2017 Application Form and Information Brochure?
ANS. Processing charges for online application for CLAT-2017 for UR/OBC/SAP candidates are Rs. 4,000/- and for SC/ST candidates Rs. 3,500/-.

Q16. Do I also need to purchase Information Brochure of member National Law Universities separately?
ANS. No, there is only one common Information Brochure for CLAT exam for all the 14 universities.

Q17. Where can I find more information regarding courses offered by various National Law Universities?
ANS. All the National Law Universities have their own websites which give detailed and updated information about the courses available.

Q18. Are foreign nationals required to take CLAT for admission to any of the National Law Universities?
ANS. Taking the CLAT exam is not permitted for Foreign Nationals. By visiting the websites of the respective NLUs of interest, you can clarify your doubts relating to the procedure of admission. Normally the admission procedure for foreign nationals by the NLUs which have the respective seats, are directly on the basis of their performance in the qualifying examination, academic record and their overall command over the English language.

Q19. Is there any specific Performa to send request for an application form to CLAT Convenor or just a simple application in writing would suffice?
ANS. There is no requirement for sending any request for those falling under the General Category for admission, in fact the procedures for application forms are clearly outlined on the CLAT website and they are easily available. Foreign Nationals need to apply directly to the University in the prescribed format available on the respective National Law University’s own Website along with the supporting documents to the Registrar before the prescribed date. For further details, they can contact the registrar of the respective university.

Q20. What are the entrance exams one needs to take to get admission to the top Law colleges?
ANS. Depending on the preferences the main exams in question here are the following: CLAT, AILET, IP CET (LAW), SET, LSAT, Christ College and ULSAT.

Q21. Which are the top law colleges in India? What is the admission/eligibility criterion for these colleges?
ANS. Though there are many sources that provide the ranking of law colleges, but the information provided by them is not reliable as most of the information provided in this context is based on data provided by people which do not even belong to the legal education sector of India. Historically NLSUI Bangalore is considered the most reputed followed by NALSAR Hyderabad, WBNUJS Kolkata, NLU Jodhpur, NLU Bhopal, GNLU and HNLU Raipur. The law university in Lucknow, Patiala and Orissa are the other ones which are coming up very formidably. NLU Delhi is fast becoming one of the most sought after colleges for law and as such is progressing to become one of the most reputed colleges for pursuing law in the country.

However, for the reference of students wanting to pursue law we have enclosed the India today list of 2013 top law colleges on the home page of the AB Tutorials portal. For specific queries about joining a particular law college you may contact through info@abtutorials.com

Top law colleges in India are as below:

1. National Academy of Legal Studies and Research University, (NALSAR)
2. National Law School of India University (NLSIU)
3. Campus Law Centre, University of Delhi
4. The W.B. National University of Juridical Sciences (NUJS) West Bengal
5. National Law Institute University (NLIU) Bhopal
6. Gujarat National Law University Gujarat
7. Symbiosis Society’s Law College Pune
8. National Law Institute University Jodhphur
9. I.L.S. Law College Pune
10. Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
11. Faculty of Law, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
12. Amity Law School, Noida
13. Christ College of Law, Bangalore
14. Government Law College Mumbai
15. Army Institute of Law (AIL) Mohali
16. University College of Law, Bangalore University Bangalore
17. School of Legal Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi
18. Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law (RGNUL) Patiala
19. Tamilnadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai
20. Faculty of Law, Jamia Millia Islmia, Delhi
21. Faculty of Law, Osmania University, Hyderabad
22. Faculty of Law, ICFAI University (ICFAI Law School) Dehradun
23. National University of Advanced Legal Studies, Kochi
24. Bangalore Institute of Legal Studies, Bangalore
25. Faculty of Law, University of Kolkata, Kolkata

(Source: India Today Survey, 2013)

The admission/eligibility criteria are different for every law colleges based on the specific law college and available on specific law college website.

Q22. What are the courses that graduates can opt for to become a lawyer?
ANS. Various colleges offer the 3 year LLB course. The most reputed amongst them being the Delhi University Campus Law Centre, Punjab University Department of Law Chandigarh, Banaras Hindu University

Q23. Can I apply for admission to all the National Law Universities in India through CLAT?
ANS. The admission to 17 National Law Universities is through CLAT, whereas the admission to NLU Delhi is through the AILET exam.

Q24. What is domicile?
ANS. Some NLUs have reserved seats under State domicile quota, besides general seats for students who are from that particular state. The domicile requirement is different in different states.

The general criteria for admission under reserved domicile quota are as below:

– A candidate should be a Resident Student of particular state, and should have passed the qualifying examination from any educational institution of particular state and should secure appropriate rank in order of merit in the Common Law Admission Test.
– A student who or any one of his parents has resided in the particular state for a period of at least four years.
– A student who has studied in any one of the educational institutions in the particular state for a period of not less than four years leading to the qualifying examinations.

The seats under NRI / NRI Sponsored Category in all the participating universities except WBNUJS, Kolkata, West Bengal, shall be filled by the concerned Universities independently on the basis of CLAT merit and not through CLAT office. The candidates are advised to contact the concerned University directly for admission formalities, eligibility, documents required and other related queries for seeking admission under NRI / NRI sponsored category.

The detailed information regarding admission under NRI / NRI Sponsored Category in WBNUJS, Kolkata, (West Bengal) is mentioned here under:

1. Seats: UG – 17; PG – NIL

2. Through CLAT Office: CLAT Office shall issue the list of students eligible for taking admission under this category.

3. Documents required at the time of admission:

NRI – i. CCopy of Valid Indian Passport of the Student, ii. Copy of Visas obtained in the last 12 months, and iii. Certificate from the local embassy stating that the person is a NRI/OCI or PIO Card NRI Sponsored: i. Copy of Valid Indian Passport of the Sponsor, ii. Copy of Visas obtained in the last 12 months by the Sponsor, iii. Certificate from the local embassy stating that the Sponsor is a NRI/ OCI or PIO Card, and iv. An affidavit by the sponsor indicating the interest shown in the education affairs of the student and willingness to fund the education of student over the next 5 years.

4. Who can be a sponsor for the NRI Sponsored Students: a) The person who sponsors the student for admission shall be a first degree relation of the student and shall be ordinarily residing abroad as a Non Resident Indian; OR b) If the student has no parents or near relatives or taken as a ward by some other nearest relative, such students also may be considered for admission provided the guardian has bona fide treated the student as a ward and such guardian shall file and affidavit indicating the interest shown in the education affairs of the student and also his/her relationship with the student and such person also shall be Non Resident Indian and ordinarily residing abroad.

Q25. For the purpose of the category of “Sons or daughters of defence personnel deployed in UP or defence personnel of UP either retired or killed or disabled in action”, does defence personnel include personnel belonging to Paramilitary Forces?
ANS. No, the defence personnel do not include personnel belongings to the paramilitary forces.

Q26. Are Foreign Nationals required to take CLAT for admission to any of the National Law Universities?
ANS. No, for admission, the Foreign Nationals will have to apply directly to the specific University.

Q27. Do I need to send the certificates along with Application Form?
ANS. The relevant certificates/documents in support of one’s claim for admission are not to be submitted along with the Application Form. The original certificates/documents (as indicated in the OMR Application Form and specified in the CLAT Information Brochure) issued by competent authority are to be submitted to the allotted University/Institute only at the time of admission.

Q28. Can I upload the passport photograph and digital copy of my signature shot with mobile phone camera?
ANS. The photograph and digital copy of signature may be shot with mobile phone camera, but the size of photograph and digital signature is required in prescribed/specific size/format.

Q29. After filing the online application, do I have to send the printout of the filled-in Application Form along with certificates/documents?
ANS. No, after filing the online application, it is not required to send the printout of the filled-in Application Form along with certificates/documents for CLAT.

Q30. Can I change my preferences for Test Centres and Universities after submitting the Application Form?
ANS. No, it is only possible, if you re-submit a new form.

Q31. What is the difference between candidates belonging to Provisional Allotment List and Waiting List?
ANS. The university-wise preference obtained from the candidates through OMR Application Form and their CLAT Score and Rank will be taken into consideration to prepare the Provisional Allotment List based on merit-cum-preference.

A long list of wait-listed candidates (comprising around 20% of the total number of seats in all the 14 NLUs) will be issued along with the Provisional Allotment List. The comprehensive list of wait-listed candidates will be prepared by drawing candidates proportionately from various categories such as General / SC / ST / OBC / Women / PWD / FFD / NRI etc. Both from the All India as well as State (Domicile) Merit Lists

Q32. During the process of allotment of seats made through various lists based on preference-cum-merit, can I forego my claim for the next higher preference for a University and stay with and take admission in the University allotted already?
ANS. If a candidate at any stage of the allotment process wants to forego his claim for the next higher preference and wants to stay with and take admission in the allotted University/Institute, he/she will be given the option to do so; but only once. To exercise this option, the candidate will have to apply through email (helpdesk@clat.ac.in) to the Convener, CLAT, within the prescribed time limit. However, this option exercised once by the candidate will be treated as final and irrevocable, and the candidate will be deemed to have been admitted in the University opted as such by him/her.

Q33. What is NRI/NRI Sponsored?
ANS. Some National Law Universities offer General and NRI/NRI sponsored seats. WBNUJS, NLU Bhopal, HNLU Raipur, NLUO Cuttack, CNLU Patna and GNLU Gandhinagar are the universities which offer this facility. Some of the Universities (CNLU Patna, NLUO Cuttack and GNLU) admit the NRI candidates directly whereas others will do it through CLAT. Please carefully read the information provided by the participating NLUs on the subject in the CLAT Information Brochure and on the CLAT website. Anyone can apply through the NRI sponsored category if they have sponsorship from a relative overseas.

As per the Ministry of Home Affairs (Government of India) guidelines, Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) Card holders are entitled to the benefit of “Parity with Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) in respect of economic, financial and educational fields except in relation to acquisition of agricultural or plantation properties. No parity shall be allowed in the sphere of political rights.” Accordingly, the OCI card holders will be eligible for admission under the NRI seats available in some of the member National Law Universities.

Only Indian nationals/NRIs are allowed to appear in the CLAT. Foreign nationals are not permitted to appear in CLAT. The foreign nationals desirous of taking admission to any course in any of the participating Law Universities may directly contact the concerned University having seats for foreign nationals. For details relating to the definition of NRI/NRI sponsored candidates and the number of seats available for them, please see the information provided by the participating NLUs in their respective websites.

What do software engineers at Infosys, Wipro ,CTS or TCS do on a daily basis?

Disclaimer:- Take it with a pinch of salt ;).

This is what some of us generally do-

  • Run to office. Usually late for morning calls. Swipe in our ID cards to enter ODC.
  • Attend client call. Most of us are anyways asleep for 99% of the time or have no clue what’s being discussed only to be waken up by our colleagues.
  • Call over, Breakfast/Caffeine time. Go to food court or a “chaai ki thadi(Tea stall)” to cool the refresh
  • Still feeling sleepy, head to the smoking zone for a quick puff on the way back to cubicle..
  • Back at cubicle, a cursory look at today’s tasks. Start coding(work). Discussion with team mates that usually gets diverted from work to gossip. Anything under the sun- GOT, Cat/Baby videos, Narendra Modi’s policies, Chota Bheem, Balika Vadhu, Euro cup, Cricket… but, other than work.
  • Browsing Fashion/e-commerce websites (even though it’s month end and no money left in bank account to buy anything except cup of tea. “Credit Card Zindabaad”), Facebook on client’s network.
  • Lunch time. Get in line to use microwave in the pantry or food court (the lucky ones who bring food from home or cook themselves). Queue up to buy meal tokens then again to receive food in your plate. Some head out to nearby restaurants with their friends/partner or the super lucky ones for their team lunch parties.
  • Enjoying with your gang. Scout for your crush. Cursory glances and smiles light up your day. On the way back, a customary stop at the smoking zone to puff on borrowed cigarettes. Cost cutting you see. 😉
  • Back at the cubicle- scrolling through mails, looking for any job failures. Failure reports are no less than a positive typhoid test. Makes one gloomy and sad.
  • A quick nap (may reach upto 2 hours, provided no one disturbs you).
  • Hunger Strikes Back. What to do? Answer- Caffeine Break. Filter Coffee + Samosa = Delight. For smokers- The Pilgrimage to smoking zone.
  • 4 P.M.- the time, shit gets real. Actual work starts only after this. You try to complete the whole day’s work in a couple of hours from now as you’ve not done anything the whole day. Guess what? you get to completing the task fanatically like a man possessed with a demon.
  • 5:30 P.M. Work Complete (as official working hours end. No matter task was actually done from your side or not). Now starts the biggest dilemma- What to write in the status mail? You know you’ve done nothing. Still have to submit the report at the end of the day.
  • Heading to gym/snooker/swimming pool in the campus. Perks of Infosys 😉
  • Head back to the cubicle to attend the status call. Call over, leave office.

PS:-

  1. Whether deadline is close or not, routine till 4PM is same. Moreover the reason people stay late when deadlines are near is because real work start only after 4 P.M, come what may! I wonder why companies don’t change official timings from 2P.M. – 7 P.M. ??? Work is done only in this time frame.
  2. This is not applicable to all. Some work seriously. For obvious reasons- Onsite or others who really love to code…..

There are members of another group – bench.

Their usual day is like-

  • Come to office by 10. Only to maintain minimum average working hours criteria.
  • Breakfast.
  • Stroll in and around the building/campus.
  • Gossip. Watch YouTube, scroll Facebook, e-commerce using proxy settings.
  • Look for training/projects.
  • Study for GRE/GMAT/CAT/GATE or the ultimate study group for PSU openings (Ultimate destination).

Or

  • Go back to room/dormitory and SLEEP.
  • Use company facilities like Gym, swimming, steam bath, squash, etc.
  • Drink Protein/banana shake.
  • Swipe out and head back to room.

Founder(http://www.CHATURGADHA.com)

Courtesy:Quora

Top 8 Colleges in India to Study Photography

Photography is a profession that is catching up popularity today with the advent of digitisation and social networking platforms where photographs of one another are celebrated by friends and acquaintances.
Are you looking to study what it takes to capture lively moments with full of life.
Are you eager to learn the lighting techniques required for a perfect picture?
If you have that burning passion in you, to learn photography, here are the top colleges in India that you can look up to, to study the enthralling subject through the eyes of a photographer.
Go through them all and choose the best one for you.

Sir J.J. Institute of Applied Arts

Sir J.J. Institute of Applied Arts Location Mumbai About the College Affiliated with the University of Mumbai since 1981, it is recognised by the All India Council for Technical Education.
The specialized areas covered are Lettering-Typography, Illustration, Photography, Computer Graphics and the Exhibition Design & Stage Craft.
Name of the Course: Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA)
Eligibility Should have a pass percentage in Higher Secondary Examination
Course Duration : 4 years
Official website : http://jjiaa.org/home.htm

The One Goa School
The One Goa School
Location : Goa
About the College :
The One School Goa is an interdisciplinary creative media school. Its courses are designed for the entertainment, media and the edutainment industry. Their mission is to strengthen students’ abilities in creative and critical thinking by combining rigorous studio art practice with innovative academics.
Name of the course: Integrated photography
Eligibility Candidates must have a passion for photography Course
Duration : Three years
Official website: https://www.theoneschoolgoa.com/

Asian Academy of Film and Television (AAFT)

Asian Academy of Film and Television (AAFT)
Location Noida
About the College :
The campus of AAFT is surrounded by lakes, ponds, hills, the banks of the Yamuna river, Massoori village on the Ghaziabad Hapur stretch, bewitching gardens available at the Marwah Studios. It is situated in the film city of Noida. The film school aims at holistic and realistic teaching. Name of the course Diploma in Still Photography & Photojournalism Eligibility : Good score in 10+2 Course
Duration: Three months
Official website: http://aaft.com/

Light and Life Academy
Light and Life Academy
Location: Ooty
About the College :
The college is spread over 40,000 sq ft area on top of a hill at Ooty. Built by an award winning and renowned architect, the college looks all lighted and decked up in the evening.
Name of the course : Professional Photojournalism PG Diploma in Professional Photography
Course Duration: 6 months for Professional Photojournalism 1 year for PG Diploma
Official website: https://llacademy.org/
 

Osmania University
Osmania University
Location: Hyderabad
About the College:
Founded by Nawab Osman Ali Khan, seventh Nizam of Hyderabad, the Osmania University got its name after him. It has 300,000 students pursuing their higher studies on its Campus, constituent, Affiliated colleges and District Centres.
Name of the course : BFA Course
Duration: Three years
Official website: http://www.osmania.ac.in/

Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University

Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University
Location: Hyderabad
About the College:
Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University is merged with Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University. The college attained its independent status as the College of Fine Arts exclusively devoted for the development of Applied Art, Painting, Sculpture, Photography & Animation.
Name of the Course: BFA (Photography and Visual Communication) Eligibility Should have passed 10+2
Duration: Three years
Official websie: http://jnafau.ac.in/

The Indian Institute of Digital Art and Animation

The Indian Institute of Digital Art and Animation
Location : Delhi
About the College:
Established in 2008, the Indian Institute of Digital Art & Animation is a unit of IIDAA Educational Trust. IIDAA is affiliated to West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Government of West Bengal, for Diploma courses; Gulbarga University and KSO University, Government of Karnataka, for full time Degree courses.
Name of the Course:
Bsc Film and Photography Diploma Film and Photography PG Diploma Film and Photography
Eligibility Should have passed 10+2 Course
Duration : Three years for UG
One year for diploma and PG Diploma
Official website: http://iidaaindia.com/

Sri Aurobindo Centre for Arts & Communication (SACAC)

Sri Aurobindo Centre for Arts & Communication (SACAC)
Location : New Delhi
About the College:
Sri Aurobindo Centre for Arts & Communication was founded in 2003 as an institute of media arts and mass communication in Delhi, with the desire to shape generations of media professionals who can think creatively, work consciously and communicate powerfully.
Name of the Course: Diploma in Photography
Eligibility 10+2 pass out
Course Duration: One Year
Official website: http://www.sac.ac.in/

KUKI GAM TUNDOH NADING LAMPI

KUKI GAM TUNDOH NADING LAMPI

By Mark Haokip

Introduction: HISTORICAL RECORD TOH KITOHLOU POLITICAL MOVEMENT BOLNA KUKITE CHEKHIEL DAN LHANGPI

Political Demand/Standpoint kiti hi factual historical record dungjui’a kibolji ahi. Ahin, Kuki te’n political movement ibol houhi historical record dungjui’a kibol ahi itiuvin ahivangin historical record toh akinungngat in ahi, hiche jeh’a chu progress imacha umthei jilou ahin Politics a ‘Chekhel’ ihiu ahi. Hijeh’a chu, historical record dungjui’a kibol hijong leh agam-alei chu history in iti record abol ham tiho vettoh a chuteng hiche dungjui’a chu agam tundoh dingdan kiboipi ahi. Kuki history in igam chu iti record abol a Kukite’n iti politics abol em tihi hetchen angai in ahi. Historical Record toh kitoh louva Political Demand ibol khah diu chu manthahna chunga manthah sonna hidoh ding ahi.

Kuki te’n Political Standpoint athah sembe, ahilou leh khel lele angaipoi; Kukite Political Standpoint kicheh tah’a umsa le ana um jingsa ahibouve. Kum 100 sungin Kukite Political Standpoint nivei bou akikhel nalaiyin adangse hi eimahon ikisemthu maimaiyu ahin, hinlah eihon hicheho chu hetdohna lungthim ineipouve.

Kukite Political Standpoint masa chu March 1917 Jampi Convention nikho chun anasem uvin ahi, hichu British te bangol noi’a kon Kukite zalenna gam pumpi venbit ding, tithu ana hitai. Ahinlah, chuche phatlai’a chu Scientifical & Technological advancement leh modern economical development, Education toh communication development in Kuki gam ana lonkhum manlou jeh in ana Chamlhat jingsa Kuki gam chu Pu-le-Pate hon British ho’a konin ana vengbit jou tapouvin ahi. Hiche chu Political Standpoint masa ahitai.

Political Standpoint anina tuni channa tohmolso nailouva um chule aumlam jong ihetdoh loulaiyu chu ahile melma British hon ana suhsetsa Kuki gam avel’a nungsemphat kit ding hi ahibouvin ahi.

Kuki History kisundoh hon jong eiseipeh’u chu hiche gam nung semphat kit nading lampi eiseipeh nomu ahin India noiya lhuhlut a gam lentah pi chu state neocha sodoh a aumdoh nading thu himhim apang poi. Hijeh a chu Kukite Political Standpoint kicheh tah ahidan leh tulai’a standpoint ilahkhel’u ahidan kahin tahlang ahi.

Kuki Uniqueness History toh kitoh chat’a Kuki hiding chule gam delding ahi. Hichepi hi hedoh louva Kuki mina politics bol ho jong colonial status Kuki toh chun ka Kuki hina hi kitoh hinam ti hephalouva natong ihinalai uve.

1. India leh Kukigam

(a). Agomlam tah’a sei dingin India gam hi Muslim leh Hindu teho Lengam ana hi. Leng lentah tah ana umuvin, hiche lenglen ho chun Princely State tamtah ana semdoh/inchon uvin ahi. Achanu ham, asopi ho ham, achapate ham chu Lengpa chun ana inchon a Lenggam khat ana tundoh peh’a ana vaihom sahji ahi, hiche ho jouse chu ‘PRINCELY STATE/KINGDOM’ kiti ahi.

Mi ahekhel ho chun Kukiland leh hiche princely state hohi category khat in amu uvin, ahekhen thei pouvin, Kukiland hi India dinga achanu ham or achapa khat hamtoh kibangchat in value apejiuvin hiche hi research lhahsam jeh’a imit’u hahdoh thei hih’a leh lungdon manna iseijiu joh ahi. India gam kisemdoh na dinga chu hiche princely state jouse chu kigom khom uva Indian Union noi’a lutchaikei uva chu’a kona chu India chu Sovereign Country khat’a phondoh hunghi ahi.

Kuki gam chu neo lheh jong leh India sunga um princely state khat toh level kibang ahipon Sovereign Country khat joh ahibouvin ahi. India le Kukiland chu sovereignty nature a level kibang chet ahijoi. Hiti ahi jeh’a chu Kuki te’n Indian Danpi (constitution) noi’a State aneithei nading mun umtheilou ahi. Kum hitih chan hiche hedoh louva India noi’a political demand ibol’u hi achekhel ihinau lenpen ahin, chule Kuki Sovereign History chu India noiya state neocha muna dia kheldoh theina theina tha/political rights kineilou ahin, pum nei’a kineithei himhim lou ahi. Kukite hi India bahkai noi’a kihikha lou ahin hijong hithei lou hiel ahijoi.

(b). Indian Constitution hi hoilheh hen lang chule citizen hodia provision asem hou jong hoilheh jongle; chule Kuki te din duchat-chat umhen lang vetlel lel um jing jong leh Kukite dia kisun ahipoi tihi kihetdoh angai in ahi.

Indian Constitution chu princely state tamtah kiloikhom ho cheng kiloimatna ding leh hinkhom theina ding, chule khantou khom thei nadinga kisun ahibouvin Kuki gam chu achanga Sovereign Country khat a um ahin Traditional customary Law toh kitoh’a Constitution chom aneiding bouvat ahibouvin; chule Uniqueness of Kuki History leh Traditional Kuki Customary Law hohi achombeh, koima chondan toh kitoh lou ahin India chonna dantoh alonkhom theina ding lampi umthei himhim lou ahi. Tutun jong traditional customary law/system of traditional governance akinei jing nalai in hiche hi Kuki Inpi’n ajui jing nalai ahi. Hiche Kukite traditional constitution chu hoihen hoi hih jong leh, chule atha hatmo lheh jong leh koimachan asuhset theilou leh asuhmang theilou ding or suhmang theina ding right nei umlou ahi, ajeh ipi ham iti leh Kuki gam chu independence country khat’a record ahijeh ahi. Hichechu Kuki te dia Sovereign State nature ineinau melchihna ahi.

Kukite political subject chu India noi’a state muding igot’u hi bollou ding kibol joh ahin ahitheilou dan chu Loipi (Buffelo) sunga Bongnou (Calf) kipien doh sah got tobang ahi. Kuki history jong India noiya state muna ding thusim himhim apang pon, kivaipoh nan eimat vang uva India in Kukite chunga thutanna thei tha aneilou ahi. India gama Kuki gam kilahlutna official annexation record jong aumkhapon, chuche malah a igam’u hi India beh dia Kuki mina alahlut theilou ding jeh uva Kukigam douna lungthim pu’a ihetlou kah uva behkhat gamgi ana kikai khumu ahin gucha ahiuve. Thengtah seidi’a India hi Post Independence Era (1947) jouva pat tuni gei’a dia Kukite Cold War Enemy hijo ahi.

(c). India noiya Kukite’n State imudiu ahileh 1965 laiya Kuki National Assembly(KNA) in Kuki State ana thum chu melmu’a aumphat valset ahitai.

Achom lam’a seiding in Mizo National Front(MNF) in gam anadel chun Lushei Hills a bomb changei lhah in ana umin ahi, hiche chu country chom ahina dia lha-ong na dia bomb a kivailhah na ahitan, hijong leh Kuki min’a movement kibol ahilou jeh’a India in advantage akilah a Indian Union noi’a akoilut’a state khat’a asemdoh thei joh’u ahi. Amavang Kuki mina movement kibol ana hile vang India in akimatlut thei lou ding Kukiland chu Mizo ho jal’a semdoh ana hiding ahi.

Ahinlah, ihamtia Kuki Country chu nung tundoh dia ahung umkhah a ahile Mizoram chu Kuki history dungjui’a Kuki ahinauva kona Indian Union akon nungkaidoh thei hikit ding ahi. Ajeh chu Kuki history in record abol tobanga Independence State a akinung tundoh tokah a hiche history hi revelant jing jeng ding ahi.Ajeh pentah chu ahile minam dang ho history record ho leh Kuki te’a hi kibang theilou ahin ajeh chu history a kisun khu ivet leh British ho hung valut masang peh a jong Kuki ho ana zalen jing ahidan reflect abol ahi.

Hiti’a azalenna kisuhset peh ho gam nungtundoh kithei ahidan hi vannoi nampi ho kilolna UN Charter sunga Chapter XII, International Trusteeship system, Article 75 – 84 sunga kichen tah in akisunin ahi.

Kukite chun country aneinau thusim anei jeh uva India noi’a Kuki State kimu theilou hiel ding ahi. I-hamtia vangset pi’a India noi’a Kuki State akimukhah jong leh Kuki in sovereignty nature anei chu akisuhmang ding chule dingdoh thei talou ding joh ahi, alang khat a India in International law leh Human Rights noi’a maijumna akimu doh ding vannoi kivaipohna dan jaalou le juilou hidoh ding UNO Charter/Constitution jalou hiding political punishment tamtah amu thei ding jeh’a Kukiland chu country chom ahijing jeh a chu Kuki mina Indian Union noi’a state pehtheina tha aneilouvu ahijoi.

Hiche jeh a chu Kuki hohi Naga leh Meilhei isodoh nadiuva India in lungthim them tah’a ichung uva politics abolu ahidan matdoh thei ahitai. Hitiho umdoh thei nadia chu Schedule Tribe list a category muthei nadia kot lentah jong ana hon doh’u ahi; hiche chun tutua jong Kuki nam sunga kitomona alensah a ama ama kitum vaipoh a zalen tah’a umtheina ding tha apeh ahi.

Chule Kuki War of Independence 1917-1919 sunga British ho anasat chu mi lhomcha bou ana hiuvin, ama ho bouvin British ho ana sat uva hiche thusim chu vannoi het’a sutdoh ahivang a gaal bol’a pang ho bou chu Kuki hidiu tina ahipoi, Kuki atam’a tam ahi. Mizo le Chin tailou Kuki ahilam kihet talou hi hop-som lah a hop-ko tobang hiding ahin amaho hi koi ahiu kihetdoh sahna ibolpeh diu hi political action plan khat’a nei ngai nalai ahi. Hiche hohi ihet themthei lou jeh uva India noi’a district pou/6th Schedule pou/State pou adia lhoh senna ding kham bou lungthim inei hamhamu danin akilangin, ami-asa le agam hethei lou le hethem theilou, igam’a dia politics bola kisaboi thei chu Kuki nam le gam adia ngaichat hitalou hiel joh ahi. Phatah in gel’u hitin Thutah lampi’a chetau hite, lungthim le phat apamai lheh tai.

1917 – 1919 kum sunga Kuki-British gaal kisatna hi lhangphong’a vannoi het’a gaalpi’a kidouna ahin ama vang 1760s langa pat Kuki hole British ho hung kitohmo’a hung kidoupeh joh ana hitan; hiche kiboina sung chu 1919 chan chun kum 159 jen alut in ahi. Gaalguh apat’a gaalpi changei’a gamhuhna jeh’a British ho hindoute chu gaal thipkal kum 100 lhin nung jeng in jong ikhangdoh naipouvin ahi.

2. Kuki gam Suhbei nadia India Politics bol dan

(a). India in 1947 a Independent amu jouva pat inam hinau suhbei pehna dinga secret tah’a politics eihin bol khum’u hi hitin neibol uve ti’a ngoh thei jong hilou chule matthei jong hilouva lungthim them tah a eibol’u ahi. Ahivangin Kuki history chu melma British hon record phatah a ana boldoh jeh uvin hiche historical record ho chun ahin molphou sahthei diuvin aumdoh kit uvin ahi. History in record aboldan toh kitoh chat’a politics ibol tengleu vang koimacha adoudal’a hung pangjou lou ding ahi.
Hijeh chun inam’u hi sedeh hen teldeh tajong leh ilungthimu lhahdai sah pou hitin amavang hitobang thutah ho tahsan thei talouva lung lhalhop thei lamkai iumkhah leu ikidalse diu chu nam damna hung hijo ding ahitai.

Ajeh chu Northeast India, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Arakan Yoma, Tripura, Manipur, Nagaland, Silchar, Barrack Valley leh Sagaing Division (Kangmang Phai) toh Chin Hills pumpi hi British hon Kukite lenggam ‘Kuki Country’, ahi tia physical/geographical map hoitah a ana semdoh uva, alet-aneo jong ana tetoh uva gontupsa ana koiyu ahi. Kuki History record boldan toh kitoh’a nam na tong louva India noi’a state khat’a kikhai teitei ding lungput a ikikanchah teitei leu Pu-le-Pa ten British te koma chamlhat nading declaration thum louva Thihnang(musket) le Ponsan ana thum sang uva nuijat umjo ahi, tina ahi.

Kukite hi political freedom dungjui’a tuni chana hi gam-3 a songkul tang nalai ihiuvin, hijeh chun India noi’a state ithumu hi jail sunga ji-le-cha neiden’a inchen khosah boipi ding kigo tobang ihiuvin, jail sunga ji neiden na ding dan(Law) in aphallou banga India noia state khat delding kitihi adan sunga kikoilut theilou leh chenglut theilou ahijoi.

Babylon Lengpa Nebuchadnezzer in Israel te ana kaimang a chule avaihom khum jou khonung a Babylon Lengpa Daria phatlai’a chu Israelte chu Babylon gama nomsa tah’a ana cheng ahitauve, hijong leh sohchang ahinauva kon chun Leng Daria in ana lhadoh uvin Israel Lenggam anung tundoh kit uvin ahi. Hiche tobang chat’a hi Kukite jong India, Burma le Bangladesh government noi’a geo-politics lampanga sohchanga kihenden ihinalai uve tihi hetdoh ngai ahi.

Hijeh chun 1919 kum apat ihin sim leh kum 100 lam songkul tang ihitauve tihi akichensat in isohchankal’u asot behseh tan ahi. History in Country khat ihidanu kicheh tah a eiseipeh uva eihetsah’u ahin eihon ngol manin imadondon piu iduchauvin ichandiu igoulo diu jong hilou hopi Pathen sangin itahsan jo tauvin; lungneona le ngolna chom chomin ilhugam tauvin nuijat jat umin ikilangdoh tauve. Hijeh chun, kinunghei utin eimaho lampi’a kichetaute.

(b). India in Kukite leh agam thusim ahet hoisel ahijeh chun ‘Hopkhen&Suhbei’ (Divide&Abolish) policy eibolkhum un, ikimel-hetto uva ikipumkhat naloudiu leh ihatmo nadiuvin igam’u chu state 7 in ahomkhen uvin, adeh in Assam sunga hin abangloi asuhat un abangloi asulhasam uvin ahinau dihtah a-immang peh uvin eimaho deidan le kihetdan cheh in Tribe min chom cheh minpu in eibottel deh tauvin, kum tamtah achephat in eiho jong chichom nam chom cheh danin ikive tauvin ahi.

Kuki ho tamdan chu Dr. Horatio Bickerstaffe in ‘The Wild Tribes of India’ kiti lekhabu (pp.179-189) sunga hitin asunin ahi: “ The Kookies(Kukis) are numerous race whose proper limits have not been defined even to this day”, ati’n ahi.

Chuti ahile British hon Kuki atihou chu tukhonunga ihetdoh hou Manasseh hiho jouse jong hi ana seitha nau ahi. Ajeh chu Manasseh ho jouse hin 80% tobang vel kibahna inei sohkeiyu ahi. Hilai tah hi British scholar hon ana muchiet jeh uva chu Dr. Horatio Bickerstaffe jong hin ana sutdoh ahi. Tu khonung hin hiche Manasseh hi Kuki Country sunga Kuki ahilam kihetdoh talou ho holdoh na tools phatah a pang doh ahitan ahi.

Northeast India/Kuki Territory sunga cheng Kuki nam ahilam kihet lou Kuki ho chu: Karbi, Zeliangrong, Kachari, Bodo, Konyak, Singpho, Phom, Yimchunger, Khiamnungan, Chang, Sangtam, Tagin, Mishing, Miji, Adi, Notce, Wancho, Apatani, Bugun, Misi, Padam, Sherdukpen, Tani, Khamba, Khamti, Lishpa, Memba, Milang, Mishmi, Monpa, Nyishi, Sangkhen, Tangsa, Zekhering, Tai Phake, Ahom, Chakma, Meitei etc. ahiuve, tina ahi.

Kuki Politics chu Kuki Historical facts toh kitohchat’a ibol poupou leu chunga minam hohi abon chauva history in aminam hinau Kuki a chu anungkoilut chaikei diu ahi.

(c). Kuki Thusim leh gam suhbei ahithei nading in, malai pu-le-pate phatlai apat Kukite vaipohna noiya ana khosa jing Naga ho chu government in ahin mangcha jingin ahi. Hitobang thusim hoi nei ihijal un 1960s jouva pat chun Naga hon Kuki Haosa aching lailai holeh miching lekhathem cha cha tamtah ana thatdoh un ahi. 1990 apat 1995 sungin ‘Ethnic Cleansing Campaign’ eina bolkhum uvin hivachun mi 1000 val ana that un kho 300 val asumang uvin, mi lakh 1 val chenmun gemun neilouvin akoi uvin ahi.

Eiho la India danpi noi’a citizenship nei kihingal ahivang a chuchelai a chu iti dana India government in eina dondauva kihetmosah jeng theiyu ham, tihohi igelthah kit uva pha ahi.

I-nam pupiuva thagam a igam jouseu lahpeh’a chule inam hinau jong suhbei peh’a ‘KUKI’ kiti suhmanga umsah ding, chule history, language, culture le tradion inei jouse’u jong khelpeh/lahpeh a Nagate adia semdoh ding ana tiu ahi. Hiche hi Indian government guhthim policy-programme ana hijing ahi. Hiche hi hoilaimuna a Proof kimu em iti leh 3rd August 2015 nikho’a NSCN-IM Framework Agreement asempeh’u hin kichen tah in alungthim phat lounau ahin sulang tan ahi.

3.NSCN-IM Framework Agreement leh a Future

(a)Hiche Freamework Agreement hi purely Anti-Kuki work plan ahin, chule practical tah seidia ‘psychological plan of attack’ tithei ahitai.

(b) Hiche ‘plan of attack’ jona ding leh hiche’a kona huoidoh nadia Indian Constitution noi’a provision khat noi’a chanvou chan ding hi ahilou ding beh kibol kha joh ahi.

Ajeh chu India in eisuhmang thei nadiuva mulou ding chanvou eivetsah uva hiche ilungmon kah uva chu Naga Framework a jeptel ding, Naga kisohlou sese chu Mizo kisoh doh dia thang akamu ahi. Hiche jeh’a chu asunglanga Naga ho atildoh uva Naga hon Mizo ho atildoh son uva Greater Mizoram preparation aguh bolsah uh ahin, hiche lolhin sah nadia chu Article 244(A) alhangsap sah kit’u ahi. Hiche Article 244(A) noi’a provision chu greater Mizoram kisohdoh dia abol sonna’u ahi. Hijong chu ahoilheh vanga Kuki suhmang nading policy ahi.

(c) Naga hohin alungtup’u amulou diu hi India in ana hetchen ahi. Amasa chun Sovereignty ana del uvin, hinlah Fake History a pansa ahijeh’u chun India in vannoi mitmua aboipi vang uvin asungguh ah alungkham naisai pouvin ahi. Naga ho jousei kisuhthip nading lampi umsun chu Kuki hon thusimbu’a kisunlut banga politics iboldiu hi ahi.

Naga in ‘Sovereignty’ adel kitma chu Kuki gam le history jouse vallhum chaikei a mu ding atiu ahin vangphat umtah in ‘Ethnic Cleansing Campaign’ ana bol uvin ahile hichechun ana lolsam sahdel uvin ahi. Hiche kahlah’a chu India in jong Kuki gam suhmang nadia chance lahna aneisonkit’u ahi.

Kuki country suhmang nadia Naga hohi India in gaal manchah’a aneidoh kit’u ahi, hiche alhun thei nadia chu akinepsah uva Framework Agreement aneipiu ahi. Ahi jeng vanga Naga hon Nagaland state gam tailou adangse claim abolu hi hitheilou hiel ahi, ajeh chu Naga Issue chu India in atanchaisa ahitai hichu India noi’a state apeh’u khu ahin Shillong Accord chu akichaina ahitai, hiche jouva tuni chana abolu hi aduam manu ahitan, athahat manuvin minam dang ho lhemlhau henlang achung uva kichem jong leu akot kikhah ahitai, moh’a protest kibol henlang jummo tah in gitlou changing meithal in movement kibol leh kimumo ponte ti’a agel jeh uva abolu ahin Naga integration limit kichai ahitan valid politics hitalou ahi. Chule kagamu ahi ti’a claim abol’u jong Kuki gam ahidan India in ahehoisel in ahi. Nagaland jeng jong Kuki Country sunga um ahin adeh a Naga issue hi India subject hinaisai lou ahin Kukite subject joh hijo ahi.

(d)Framework Agreement point tamtah um jong leh ‘Sharing of Sovereignty’ leh ‘Unique Naga History’ thudol hi themkhat hilchen ute:

(i)Naga te leh India in Sharing of Sovereignty policy exercise bolkhom dia kinoptona aneiyu hi detmo ding ahipoi. Amani sungkah’a jong kithokhom ahi jeng vang uva atam chan joh ding kichulhon ahi. Sharing of Sovereignty leh Unique Naga History teni hi ‘Two sides of the same Coin’ ahibouve. Kuki gam hi Nagate leh India akichuna lhon agreement point hijo ahin, ahideh a chu aboncha India government benefit nading ahibouve. Naga te’n kum 60 val movement ahin bol nung uva ibol’a Framework Agreement noiya “Unique Naga History” flagship campaign ahin bolpan ahidem? Kukite Unique History chu 1917 – 1919 sung’a recognised kichai ahitai. Sharing of Sovereignty atiu vang hi agam thum jouseu hi historical record a Kuki gam ngenchan ahiphat’a ama ho achantah tah thei nadiuva hiche Kuki gam chu India le Nagaten neibomu hitin achunga Naga hon vai kihop uvinge, atinau ahi.

Hiche ideology hi ipi jeh’a kibol ham iti leh ihamti’a Naga ho alosam khah jong le agam chunga Kuki hon power exercise abolthei nalou dinga agonu ahikit in amavang ‘Sharing’ sehseh hile India in anoppeh diu ahin ‘Sovereignty’ ajao jeh’a government of India in nop peh theina valid rights exercise abolthei lou hiel ding ahi; Ipi jeh inem itile, Naga hon gam claim abolnau sung chu ‘Kuki Country’ tia record aumkhah khel khel jeh ahi. Amavang Kuki ho chun gam lentah ana neikha jong leu British toh ana kidou khalou bang hihen lang record anabol louvu bang hitaleh tunia igam jouseu hi anom nomin akilah thei ahinai, ahin record kibol chehcheh ahikhah jeh’a Kuki ho chu ngolbol a vaihomkhum tailou adang aboldiu umlou ahi. Simple tah in hetbailam din sei ute.

Naga hohin kum 60 val politics ahin bol vang uva Kukite banga ‘Unique History’ aneilouvu ahi. Hiche history chu framework agreement noiya ahin kisemthu kigot nalaiyu ahi. Kuki hohi gun power toh politics toh kitho’a force a Naga a lutsah diu Kuki history, gam, custom, culture le language, etc. jouse chu Naga history, culture, custom, language, gam sodoh or convert boldoh ding tohgon ahi. Hiche politics chu ajo khah uva ahile Kuki sovereign history chu Naga sovereign country semdoh na neiding tihi ahi.

Ahinlah India in hiche Naga achievement chu complete ahiteng Naga state chu kehlet peh a Indian Union noiya kanbeh chahkheh ding, Kuki country sese chu Nagate or Naga min mangcha India leiset sodoh ding tihi ahi aguh chepi sonkit’u ahidan ahuinun’a kon het jeng thei ahi. Thuh tah’a kigemtou ahi. Hiche alungput phalou jouseu chu 3rd August 2015 nikho’a chu ahin kiseidoh’u ahitai.

(ii)India le Naga in hiche game chu alolhin jouteng India in Nagate athatjo kit leh kum 100/200 joule Nagaland gam sunga Hindu or Kol muchi ahin tulut ding ‘Genetic Biological policy’ a invade ahin boldiu Naga theng um talouva Naga minpu Kol tobang
Naga tobang hung hijoukei diu ahi. Tua Manipur a Meilhei te jong ‘Religious le Culture’ lama invade anabol uva kum 200 jou lam’a alimput’u akikhel behseh lou vanga achon namlhah hou Kol a toh kibang ahitai.

(iii)India le Nagaten Framework mangcha hiche gaal a hi India ahin jo khah’a, ihamtia Naga hon thaneina ahin neikhah leh kum 100/200 jou leh Naga hon ‘Genetic Biological policy’ ahin manchah kitdiu Northeast gam sunga minam tamtah ahuikhom houle Nagaland Naga ho hi ‘Tangkhul thengsel’ chi’a ahin kheldoh diu ahi. Hiche nadinga chu social security&safety noi ho’a ‘Sperm Bank’ ho ahin semdoh diu Sperm Doner ahin neidiu amavang Tangkhul ho sperm ho bouchu 90% ahin manchah diu chanei nom ho sunga ahin kaplut peh diu, abang chu achanei kisuh louna dia medical examination kibolna sunga aguh a chithina lou apeh diu, namdang chi ho chu atha peh uva hitia chu numei sunga naosen chi umsa ho jeng jong ahin khelpeh diu ahi. Hiti hohi tutua a politics a play dan houhin khonunga ahinbol diu le akisah nadiu lungput aseidoh ahitai.

Hiti ahi jeh chun Kukite dingin eimaho Historical facts dungjui’a politics kibol a igamu Kukiland kitundoh ding chu alampi jong bailam jo ahin, adeh a ahahsa ding jouse jong Pu-le-Pa te leh British hon ana semtup chaisau ahitan tua hi non-violence a political movement bol ding, ichamlhat nau gam pumpi history in record abol sung sese hi vannoi in ‘INDEPENDENT’ (Chamlhatna) anung peh kit nadia natoh kipat phat chu hunglhung ahitai.

Kukite Issue chu India subject ahipon UNO subject hijo ahi. Hijeh a chu Naga hon igamu achanthei nadiuva ‘Unique History’ aneilou jeh uva alungtup’u lolhinna dinga ‘Unique Naga History’ flagship campaign leh ‘Sharing of Sovereignty’ hi ahin patdoh uva hiche New Naga History chu India govt. manchah a semtup sah ding atup’u ahin hicheva New Naga ding chu Kuki ho chacha hung hiding abidoiyu ahi.

India noi’a umjeh’a Nam natna ho

(1). Kuki ti’a kihe nam khat chu nam 23 (22/23-Tribes) or nam 23 isoh doh tauvin, LushaiKuki hills a cheng ho Mizo tin michombeh danin aumdoh kit in ahi. India in Danpi asemin, hiche danpi chu eihon kikhentelna leh manthah nan inei tauvin ahi. Ajeh chu hiche constitution chun eimaho deideiya ingolna ndungjui cheh uva lamvai theina dia tha(Rights) eipeh’u ahi. Hiche Tribe 23 ho jouse hi India in eihindoh peh’u ahin hiche hohi Kuki history toh kitohlou ahin hina dihlou “FAKE IDENTITY” ahibouvin temporary settlement maimai ahi.

(2). Kuki Identity suhset ahiphat’a Kuki Tribes Demand Comittee in India government kom’a Any Kuki Tribes (AKT) ana thumdoh vanga chu hichu India koma kithumdoh/India recognised ahijeh’a Kukite dia British vaihom khang sunga Kuki hina original toh chun avalue kibang dehlou ahin Temporary socio-political nomenclature maimai bou ahin Kuki problem damna ding ahichom poi. Chule hiche AKT chu adeipa/athuneipan ama deideiya akihei lele thei phat chomkhat kicholdona ding maimai ahin 1950s jouva Tribe 23 kisemdoh hotoh ahoina leh ahoilouna kibangchat ahi. Ajeh ipi ham itile India government ban-gol noi’a recognised kibol ahijeh’a colonial status a toh chun a power kibang theilou ahi. India in recognised abol angaipon Historical record in ‘Kuki’ atidan tah’a chu Kuki ihiteng’u leh ‘Semthu Kuki hitalouva ‘Atahbeh Kuki’ ihung hi panbep diu, chuteng chule nam sung kah’a kitomona jouse dambep ding ahi.

Hijeh chun damna tahtah umdoh nadingin India toh kikhen angai in, chule eimaho history in independent tribe ihinau atuchah jing ahin, history dungjui’a politics ibol uva, hiche history chu ahung hindoh teng leh hiche ‘Tribe’ thu le ‘Nam’ thu’a natna jouse hi dam ding le beiding bou ahi. India Constitution noiya ium laiseuvin nam damna ding nasatah in bol jong leu hen India Constitution leh Kukite Traditional Rule of Laws kitohlou(allergic) ahi jeh in nam damna ding iboldoh chan uva kitomona ding athah thah penbe be jing ding ahi.

(3). Indian Constitution noiya ium uva pat’a Kuki Nam natna hung kipandoh ahibouvin eiho kisemthu ahipon hitobang ho neidoh nading chu India Constitution in free a eipeh mong-mong’u ahin, akisugepsa, akisulhasam eiho nam tobang dinga chu gilkiel pet’a same kine tobang liu jing ahi. Ahinlah Kukite hi piengui changgui, guinu thu’a kiholkhomte ihijeh chakhat u-hin sepailou kehpailouva eikankhom hamham’u ahibouvin, hiche jeh’a hi mangthah tahtah theilou ihiu chule thi-tobang hing-tobanga umdoh ihiu ahi. Hiche hi India in ama danpi dungjui’a eivaipoh khum jeh uva kon a piengdoh ahi.

(4) Kukiten i-history’u toh kitoh’a politics ibol tengleu inam pumpiuva Kuki ihi jengdiu ahitan, India in jatjat’a minam chom chom eisemdoh peh houhi aboncha beichaikei ding idamdoh pandiu bou ahi.

The Kuki Rising 1917-1919


Insurrection in north-eastern India and Burma

The Indian Labour Corps in the Great War and the Kuki tribe

To see related maps please click HERE

In 1916 Britain approached the government of India for the supply of a volunteer Labour Corps to serve in both France and Mesopotamia.  The Indian government delegated the responsibility to raise separate Corps of 2,000 men to United Provinces, Bihar & Orissa, Assam, North-West Frontier, Burma and Bengal.  No central administrative direction was given and each region decided its own terms and conditions.  As time passed more and more Labour Corps were needed, and this resulted in an Indian Jail Labour Corps being raised for service in Mesopotamia; the volunteer prisoners worked well and earned wages, but these were lower than the wages of the ‘free’ workers.

British officers, assisted by senior non-commissioned officers acting as Supervisors, commanded companies of 500 men; they were supported by a number of chiefs or head-men recruited to act as junior officers.  When the British command personnel understood and spoke the dialects of their men and appreciated the prevailing culture there were few difficulties and the labourers were self-disciplined, often performing well in adverse or dangerous conditions.

The rulers of the Princely States of India demonstrated their support for the Allied war effort in various ways, and the Hindu Ruler of Manipur in north-eastern India supplied his own labour corps of 2,000 men.  However the Ruler did not nominate his Hindu citizens for this service, but he recruited 1,200 Christian or animist Naga tribesmen and 800 similar Kuki tribesmen from the mountainous areas in his state.  The head-hunting hill tribesmen were not highly regarded by the Hindus and it is likely that tribal chiefs were just ordered to produce the required numbers of men whether they were volunteers or not.

Above: The hills south-east of Moirang

On the whole the Nagas presented no problems and were pleased to be wage earners, as were the neighbouring Lushai and the Garo and Khasi hill tribesmen from around Shillong in today’s Meghalaya stat (1).  Further recruitments from these hill tribes ran smoothly as some had experience of working for the British in labour capacities on public works or minor military operations.  However when certain of the more remote Kuki chiefs heard that further labour was needed an insurrection broke out that lasted for 18 months.  But it should be noted that initially the insurrection was not confined to the Kuki family of tribes, and also that many Kukis remained loyal to the State of Manipur and to the British, some of them assisting the British military effort against their disaffected tribal brethren.

The fighting that took place during the Kuki Rising, as the insurrection was named, was in the hills around the Imphal plain, and British forces were deployed both from the main base at Imphal and from bases in Burma along the Chindwin River.  Those readers familiar with the Second World War Battle of Imphal will recognise many place-names and hill features, as during the Rising the Kukis held ground that the British were to fight over 26 years later when Japanese invaders seized it.  A legacy of the Kuki Rising was that in 1944 during the Japanese invasion of Manipur many of the Kukis chose to side with the invaders, although others did not.

Above: Kuki prisoners

In both wars the Kukis were the eventual losers, but during the Rising they were able to embarrass the British by a continued resistance, as the military resources available to the British were finite due to overseas wartime commitments.  The British were reliant on those military units already in Assam and Burma, the principal units being the Assam Rifles and the Burma Military Police; both of these regiments recruited from Nepal and the Punjab as well as locally.  This had an effect on India’s contribution to the Allied war effort as the overseas posting of drafts of trained men from Assam and Burma to Gurkha and other regiments was suspended during the Rising.

The Kuki Rising was eventually put down by a combination of British military ruthlessness supported by modern weapons of war, assisted by Kuki pragmatism in submitting when morale was low and further resistance was seen to be futile.  The Kuki Rising was not the most glorious of Britain’s colonial actions and it was deliberately under-publicised at the time.  However the exertions and courage of the British sepoys in fighting serious and savage banditry over very hostile terrain deserve recognition.

Above: Burning Longyin Village

The start of the Kuki Rising

In 1917 the local Political Officer, Lieutenant-Colonel H.W.G. Cole CSI, advised the Kukis that the Labour Corps needed more men to go to France.  The Kuki Chiefs refused this request, and then refused a second similar one.  Colonel Cole then went to France with the Lushai Labour Corps and another officiating Political Officer was appointed.  This man arranged for a Durbar to be held and invited all the Chiefs to listen to his explanations of why the men were wanted, the nature of the work and the terms and conditions.  The leading recalcitrant Chiefs, Ngulkhup of Mombi and Ngulbul of Longya, replied in an insolent manner rejecting the invitation and stating that if force was used against them then they would retaliate with force.  The British authorities were suspicious that these Chiefs may have been incited by Bengal seditionists in Sylhet and Cachar who wished to impede the Allied war effort, but proof of this was never found.

As the two Chiefs had defied British authority they had to be dealt with, and in September the officiating Political Officer marched a force of 100 rifles from the Imphal-based 4th (Darrang) Battalion, Assam Rifles, under Captain M.C. Coote (2) to Mombi where after a skirmish the village was burned down.  This force then marched on Longya to repeat the process but an instruction from Shillong, the administrative capital of Assam, arrived ordering that no further action should be taken against the Kukis.  The punitive operation was cancelled and the troops withdrew, leaving the Kukis to believe that the British did not have the resources or the stomach for a real fight.

Both Chiefs then closed their territories to the British and in December started raiding the Hindu villages on the extremities of the Imphal plain; little mercy was offered to the Hindu subsistence farmers and their families.  At that time and due to the fact that both the Assam Rifles and the Burma Military Police had sent thousands of their best men overseas in drafts, leaving the units composed of either very young or very old soldiers, the British were not responding strongly to all the challenges to their authority.

At this point a very brave effort was made by a British lady to keep the peace with the Kukis.  Colonel Cole’s wife lived in Imphal and she knew Chief Ngulkhup personally.  She sent him a message asking for a meeting at Shuganoo, and went there with just an interpreter; the journey took four days marching from Imphal.  Ngulkhup and a few of his leading men met Mrs. Cole courteously and listened to her pleas for reconciliation.  However Ngulkhup had his own agenda and declined the suggestions made by Mrs. Cole, who returned to Imphal having attempted to do more than any British official had done to keep the peace.

Above: Coote’s & Hibbert’s columns at Imphal before moving out

The Southern Chin Hills

Meanwhile in Burma a similar resistance to further recruiting for the Labour Corps was being organised in the Southern Chin Hills.  This resistance was aggravated by British attempts to suppress slavery, which was a popular custom amongst the southern Chins.  This rising took the British authorities in Burma by surprise and Haka was besieged by Chin rebels, so assistance was requested from the Assam Rifles.  The Deputy Inspector General of the Assam Rifles, Colonel L.W. Shakespear, obtained authority and despatched Captain H.L.F. Falkland (3), Commandant of 1st (Lushai) Battalion, Assam Rifles, with 150 rifles from Aijal to Haka, 16 days’ marching away.  A few days later another message arrived from Burma reporting that Falam was also surrounded by rebels.  Shakespear now ordered Captain E.C.  Montefiore (4) at Kohima with the 3rd (Naga Hills) Battalion, Assam Rifles, to take 150 rifles to Burma.  Montefiore’s journey involved marching to Manipur Road Station, Dimapur, taking trains to Chittagong, then a river steamer to Rangamatti followed by country boats to Demagiri and finally two weeks’ hard marching to Haka.  British strength in Manipur was being dispersed even before campaigning against the Manipur Kukis began.

Abovre: Montefiore’s Column at a river in the Southern Chin Hills

The Rising spreads

As no punitive action was taken against the Kuki raids on isolated Hindu villages, more Kukis from Hinglep and Ukah, south of the Imphal Plain, joined in the fun.  Two serious raids, one against the police post near Shuganoo and the second near Moirang, led to two detachments of the 4th (Darrang) Battalion, Assam Rifles, being sent out from Imphal; each detachment was 80 rifles strong.  The Political Agent with Lieutenant Halliday marched on Mombi and Captain Coote with Lieutenant E.J. Hooper (5) marched on Hinglep.  Coote’s column entered the hills below Moirang and was immediately attacked but fought back fiercely, punishing the Ukah tribesmen with little loss to itself.  But after going through Shuganoo Halliday encountered strong stockades at the Chokpi River crossing where he lost three men killed and several wounded; this caused his retirement and Kuki morale soared.  Many more villages joined the Rising, closing the Palel-Tamu road to Burma by destroying the rest houses, killing the caretakers and bringing down the telegraph line.

On the Burma side of the border Kukis began attacking posts in the Chindwin Valley and in the northern Chin Hills; Shakespear moved to Imphal to control events.  As porters were needed to transport supplies for columns, 800 Nagas were recruited at Kohima and marched to Imphal, escorted by a platoon from the 3rd (Naga Hills) Battalion, Assam Rifles.  The 4th (Darrang Battalion), Assam Rifles, was put through a three-week intensive jungle training course, whilst 100 rifles from the 2nd (Sadiya) Battalion, Assam Rifles, were ordered to march from Sadiya through Silchar to Imphal, under Major H.D. Cloete MC (6).  Well-stocked bases were established at Palel and Shuganoo, and two columns each of 120 rifles were formed, with trained Naga porters carrying a 7-pounder mountain gun and ammunition for each column.

Above: An Assam Rifles post in the Manipur Hills

Captain Hebbert, with the Political Agent, commanded a column marching from Palel to Tamu to reopen the Burma Road and punish rebel villages in the vicinity.  Captain Coote, with Mr. J.C. Higgins, Indian Civil Service and Political Agent Imphal, marched from Shuganoo for Mombi planning to join up with a Burma column under Captain Steadman that was marching north from Tiddim to deal with Longya.

Shakespear accompanied Coote’s column and later wrote an account of its actions.  The column marched to its base at Shuganoo destroying Aihang village on the way; then Longyin village was destroyed as a punishment for the attack on the nearby Itoll police post.  An attack was prepared on the Chokpi River crossing stockades but scouts found them deserted; however nearby were found the bodies of the men killed in Halliday’s previous attack.  These corpses were without heads, hands or feet.  As Coote knew that the direct route to Mombi was strongly stockaded his column marched up a ridge to the east of the Tuyang River.  But now the column began to take casualties from snipers hidden in the thick jungle who could not be seen.  When Mombi could be observed from the ridgeline the 7-pounder gun came into action at 800 metres range, hitting the village and dispersing the armed tribesmen inside it.  The next day Coote’s men descended to Mombi but found it deserted.

Whilst the Nagas built strongly-defended villages on hill tops the Kukis were more nomadic, building temporary villages until they moved on to the next one.  However they often defended the approaches to their villages with thorn or ‘punji’ stick (7) spiked hedges protecting stout stockades.  Log breastworks, loopholed for musket firers, covered likely approach routes.  Sometimes leather cannon rolled from buffalo hide were mounted on trees to fire stones or metal fragments at attackers, but these weapons usually burst when fired.  The civil authorities were taken by surprise by the number of firearms that the Kukis possessed, and although these were generally old flint-locks and muzzle-loaders they were effective in close-quarter sniping and fighting.  However the Kukis rarely stood and fought from a defensive position, preferring to cause some attrition to their attackers and then to quickly withdraw.

Above: Coote and Higgins inside the Mombi stockade

Coote rested at Mombi whilst his wounded were carried back to Shuganoo and rations were brought forward.  Smoke had been seen rising from the direction of Longya, and heliograph contact with the Lenakot post in the north Chin Hills ascertained that Steadman had burned Longya without opposition.  Steadman had then marched towards Khailet, the rendezvous point for him and Coote, but on meeting a long stockade barring his path he had charged it.  The result was a serious reverse for Steadman who lost 11 men killed and many wounded including himself, wounded three times.  Many of his porters had bolted and Steadman withdrew to Lenakot, much to the joy of the Kukis.

Coote set about his own task of punishing insurgents in the Mombi area.  His column marched through thick jungle for five days, incessantly climbing up or descending down steep-sided hills.  When halting for the night the jungle had to be cleared and a barbed wire fence run around the perimeter to deter sudden attacks.  On 7th February 1918, having destroyed Nungoinu and other nearby villages, Coote was advancing along a densely-wooded ridge when he was ambushed.  Reconnaissance showed that a barrier of rocks ran across the ridge, the narrow track was heavily stockaded and the space before the rocks was covered in felled trees 40 metres deep.  Both Shakespear and Higgins led flanking parties but the steep terrain defied their efforts to get behind the stockade and rocks. Meanwhile Coote was losing men killed and wounded from around 70 firearms being discharged through small apertures in the rock barricade.

After 45 minutes of heavy firing from an almost invisible enemy, accompanied by loud drumming and war-chanting, the mountain gun was brought forward and came into action.  But after the third round had been fired the gun Havildar and three others of the gun crew were hit, putting the gun out of action.  Coote then decided to rush the position with Jemadar Kharga Sing’s platoon advancing on the left, accompanied by Shakespear, whilst Coote provided supporting fire on the right from his soldiers’ old single-shot Martini Henry rifles.  Because of the tree obstacles on the ground a rush was not possible but Kharga Sing methodically walked his men forward across the trees and up the rocks.  Both Coote and the enemy ceased firing and Kharga Sing crossed the rocks to find that the Kukis had not chosen to stand and fight but had withdrawn; bloodstains and trails confirmed several Kuki casualties and examination of the excellent defensive position showed that up to 300 tribesmen could have been holding it.

Coote occupied the adjacent Khengoi Village for the night, burning it the next morning after his signallers had heliographed Tamu to arrange for rations to be ready for him at Withok, across the Burma border in the Kale Kabaw valley.  At Withok a camp had been prepared for the column and carts came up from Tamu, 35 kilometres away, to evacuate the wounded and sick.  Captain Grantham of the Burma Police and Lieutenant C.G. Kay-Mouatt, 1-70th Burma Rifles, rode in with the carts to advise that the Kuki Rising was spreading swiftly.  A Burma Column was forming at Tamu to operate against the Chassadh Kukis occupying the hills east of Imphal who were raiding Kangal Thana and Homalin in the Chindwin Valley.  Further north and to the west of Imphal the Silchar Road had been closed, rest houses destroyed and anyone seized by the Kukis was being cut up.  Major Cloete was in Silchar preparing to reopen the road to Imphal.

Above: The Imphal-Silchar Road runs over the far ridgeline

Coote marched his column back towards Palel, burning Changpol, Gnarjal and Pantha Villages on the way.  The column’s final action was on Rekchu Hill where a strong line of breastworks and shelter pits commanded the track upwards.  However the Kukis opened fire too soon, and the column’s two flanking parties got abreast of the position before the defenders noticed them, causing an immediate Kuki withdrawal.  After five weeks of strenuous campaigning Cootes’ men, in ragged clothing and worn-out boots, but now fit and experienced, reached Imphal.  Here the column found that 100 rifles from the 2/2nd Ghurkas under Major J.E. Cruickshank had been sent to garrison the town, and another 100 were in Kohima under Lieutenant Duff, thus releasing more of the Assam Rifles for operations (8).

Hebbert’s column had returned a few days previously having had a less arduous time punishing villages near the Imphal-Tamu road, with only one skirmish being fought near Suampo.  Several other columns were now deployed in the hills surrounding the Imphal plain, and Major Cloete’s column was on the Silchar Road and had fought a sharp action at Laibol.  There was still much work to be done both along the Chindwin and around the Imphal plain.

Right: Loopholed breastwork on jungle track

The Spring and Summer of 1918

In March Shakespear marched to Tamu escorted by 50 rifles from the 4th (Darrang) Battalion, Assam Rifles, under Jemadar Babu Lal.   There he met with his Burma counterpart, Lieutenant-Colonel J.J.W. ffrench-Mullen CIE, and a co-operative strategy was devised.  Two Chindwin columns starting from Homalin (Major T.D.H. Hackett (9)) and Kangal Thana (Captain Patrick) would work together with Captain Coote’s Imphal column against the Chassadh Kukis whilst a fourth column from Kohima (Lieutenants H.C. Prior (10) and Sanderson) operated towards the un-administered Somra Tracts.  Meanwhile 100 rifles from 1st (Lushai) Battalion, Assam Rifles, under Subadar Bhowan Singh were to be stationed at Bangmual in south-west Manipur to cooperate with any troops that pursued insurgents into that area.  Bhowan Singh was later mentioned in despatches for his leadership on operations in the Bangmual area.

When Coote set off with his column, accompanied by Lieutenant N.E. Parry (11) and Mr. Higgins, the Naga porters suddenly went on strike and refused to carry loads.  To quote directly from Shakespear: ‘The wholesome spectacle of the 11 ringleaders being publicly flogged soon induced all to think differently and they quietly resumed work’.  Coote marched on, punishing those villages that did not submit, and near Kangal Thana he met up with Patrick and they marched together to attack Kamjong, Chief Pachei’s principal village.  During the fighting around here the columns suffered several casualties but Pachei escaped and moved into the unexplored Somra Tracts.  Indecisive skirmishes continued into the summer and the Kukis remained active, recruiting more tribesmen to join the Rising.  At Bamakshan village an unexpected and well-planned Kuki night attack killed two men in a column led by Captain Goodall, and the telegraph lines were chopped down again on the Burma road despite previous punitive actions against local villages.  Goodall had to move into this area to support a column under Captain Francis Tuker, 2nd Gurkha Rifles, an officer destined for senior appointments in World War II.

Above: The Palel-Tamu road at its highest point

In April prompt military support had been provided by the territorial Indian Defence Force unit the Surma Valley Light Horse.  A group of 70 or 80 Kukis raided the North Cachar Hills and both the Europeans and the local labour on the tea estates near Haflong lived in fear of losing their heads.  Twenty four members of ‘B’ Troop, Surma Valley Light Horse, forsook their civilian occupations and turned out from Silchar for up to a fortnight to provide a military presence until relieved by 100 rifles of the 2nd (Sadiya) Battalion, Assam Rifles, under Captain J.H. Copeland (12).

By July both Falkland’s and Montefiore’s columns had returned from successful operations against the southern Chins in Burma, the latter column returning via Rangoon, Calcutta and Kohima.  During his deployment Montefiore had entered Manipur from the south to restore the unfortunate situation that Steadman’s withdrawal had created, destroying big stockades at Haika and killing many Kuki including Gnulbul, the Chief of Longya, who was attempting to escape with his little son in his arms.  Falkland’s column had sustained many casualties in the hard fighting against the Chins, and it marched back to Aijal; both columns had experienced a tough seven months of campaigning, and their main source of replacement clothing had been the Ladies’ War Society in Rangoon.  The southern Chin rebels were now reduced to a small number of activists, and Montefiore was to be awarded an honour for his military prowess in Burma.

As the mid-year hot-weather season commenced both sides felt exhausted and needed to rest.  It was now apparent to the British that the Rising could not be put down in the traditional way by dispersed and loosely coordinated columns of troops using antiquated weapons.  Additional handicaps were an inadequate transport arrangement and a supply system that prevaricated on grounds of cost whenever worn-out boots and clothing needed replacing.  The Chief Commissioner of Assam took Shakespear to Simla for discussions with the Commander in Chief, India.


The arrival of Lieutenant General Sir Henry D’Urban Keary KCB KCIE DSO


Simla wanted to be rid of the embarrassing Kuki Rising and some decisive measures were taken.  The old single-shot Martini Henry rifles used by the Assam Rifles and Burma Military Police were replaced with new .303-inch long Lee-Enfield magazine rifles.  Lewis guns (13) and rifle grenades (14) were issued and four Stokes trench mortars were supplied to the Burma Military Police; this last weapon was to be a decisive factor in breaking Kuki resistance.  New issues of clothing, boots and kit were made to the sepoys, free of charge.  More officers from the Indian Army Reserve of Officers were posted into the theatre.  The only Political Officer who had been into the Somra Tracts, Mr. W. Street of the Burma Commission, was recalled from his duties with the Chin Labour Corps in France.

Lieutenant General Sir Henry D’Urban Keary KCB KCIE DSO was due to take command of the Burma Division and he was tasked with ending the Kuki Rising.  Keary was to command from Burma whilst Colonel C.E.E.F.K. Macquoid DSO commanded in Manipur but reported to Keary; ffrench-Mullen was to be Keary’s principal staff officer.  General Keary had served in the Third Anglo-Burmese War in 1885 and he later raised a battalion of Burma Military Police; whilst operating in the mounted infantry role he had been awarded the DSO for gallantry at Wuntho in 1891.  He had then commanded a battalion in the operations to suppress insurrection in the Northern Chin Hills in 1892-93.  He was a soldier with definite views regarding the efficassy of strong punitive measures against recalcitrant tribes.  After making his appreciation of the situation he declared his plan of action to be: ‘. . . to put an end to the Kuki revolt by force of arms, break the Kuki spirit, disarm the Kukis, exact reparation and pave the way for an effective administration of their country’.

Left: Kamjong stockade entrance with swinging timbers

In Burma the troops that Keary used were the 1/70th and the 85th Burma Rifles, the 62nd Company Burma Sappers & Miners, the 202-man strong Chin Friendly Corps, and detachments of the Military Police battalions from Chin Hills, Bhamo Hills, Monywa Hills, Mandalay Hills, Myitkyina Hills, Taunggyi Hills, Shwebo Hills, Pyabwe Hills, Rangoon Hills and Toungoo Hills.  With his headquarters and Supply and Transport personnel his Burma force totalled 3,011 men.  In Assam Macquoid commanded the four Assam Rifles battalions already mentioned, one section of 35 signallers from 43rd Signal Company and a company of 150 Friendly Kuki Scouts; this was a total of 3,223 combatants.  In the non-combatant role were 310 officers and men comprising a Section of the Gauhati Labour Corps, an officer and 35 men forming a survey detachment and 4,600 local porters.

The signallers from 43rd Signal Company were to make a big impact on future operations on the Manipur side, allowing Keary and his subordinates to closely coordinate column movements.  On the Burma side 150 Burma Military Police signallers under Subadar Atta Muhammad provided the requirement and Atta Muhammad was later mentioned in despatches.  Carrier pigeons were introduced to carry messages, but the birds were not given enough time to familiarise themselves with their new surroundings. On the Manipur side transport had to be large gangs of porters as no pack-transport roads existed apart from the cart road from Dimapur via Kohima to Imphal.  It took a cart one month to bring a load from Dimapur to Imphal.  On the Burma side mules could be used and 1,500 of them were purchased across the Chinese border.  Unfortunately surra disease (15) affected these mules on their journey into Burma, and Burman porters had to be hired until the mules recovered.  These porters lived along the Burma rivers and were not hill-men, but they were all that could be raised as friendly Kukis who had previously offered to do the work were intimidated against performing it by their rebel brethren.  The operations mounted from Burma were well supported by steamers plying the Chindwin River.

Keary’s tactics

Keary adopted a plan initiated by Major A. Vickers (16), 3rd (Naga Hills) Battalion, Assam Rifles.  Seven Areas of Operation were demarcated in which lines of posts were to be established; the posts were to be rationed for three months and manned generously so that small columns could be formed from within them.  The Areas were: North East (Somra and North Chassadh); East (Chassadh); South-East (Mombi and Longya); South (Manhlung); South-West (Hinglep and Ukha); North-West (Silchar Road and Jampi).  In each Area a base position was nominated to which supplies would be brought and dumped, these dumps would then support both the posts and any columns operating in the area.

Mobile columns in each area were to drive the Kuki onto the lines of posts where they were to be harried until the tribesmen submitted.  As some villages in the Kuki heartlands were ostensibly ‘friendly’ care had to be taken to not attack them.  To a degree this problem was solved by the construction of ‘concentration camps’ on the Manipur plain where the ‘friendly’ Kukis could reside during operations.  Those ‘friendlies’ that did not come down to the camps had to take the rough with the smooth, and few British tears were shed for them as undoubtedly those villagers would be coerced into helping the rebels in various ways during operations.

Whilst the plans were being made and the new weapons introduced to the troops minor operations continued. Subadar Hanspal Limbu of the 3rd (Naga Hills) Battalion, Assam Rifles, who commanded a post at Niemi received information from ‘friendlies’ that a large group of Chassadh Kukis was approaching.  The Subadar took a party of his men out to meet the rebels and in a sharp fight 30 Kukis were killed; Hanspal Limbu was subsequently awarded the Indian Distinguished Service Medal.  Encountering the new British Lewis guns and magazine rifles must have been a distressing experience for many Kukis.

With hostilities ceasing in France in late 1918 a number of experienced officers were returned to India to join Keary’s force.  Prominent amongst them was Major H. Douglas of the Surma Valley Light Horse who was to command a column and receive an honour for the way he operated.  But the world-wide Spanish influenza epidemic struck some of the Assam Rifles, and an outbreak of cerebral meningitis affected others. Nevertheless in early November 1918 all Keary’s columns were on the move and the Kukis were experiencing coordinated pressure from several directions.

Above: The March 1918 conference at Tamu

The final months of the Kuki Rising

As the British columns advanced they accepted submissions from those villagers who had had enough of war, but the villages that resisted were destroyed along with any cultivated areas that they possessed.  As a village submitted it had to surrender its firearms and pay a fine of livestock, and accept the guidance of a Political Officer; if insufficient firearms were surrendered then the cultivation of that village was destroyed.  Chiefs considered dangerous were arrested after submission or capture and some were held in detention outside Manipur.  Villagers or tribal units attempting to move away from advancing columns were forced back by posts or other columns so that they could not escape retribution for their rebellious acts.  Wherever the Kukis went they could see the winking flashes of British heliographs reporting their movements.  As the British columns advanced they made bridle paths through the jungle and over the hills, opening up the Kuki territory for the British administrators who followed.  The surveyors took their readings in the field and used them to produce the first maps of unexplored areas such as the Somra Tracts.

The main rebel leaders were always on the move attempting to enter new areas to find refuge, but their followers rapidly became dispirited and demoralised by the new firepower of the British columns and posts.  In the North West Area Subadar Hari Ram, 3rd (Naga Hills) Battalion, Assam Rifles, commanded the Channachin post and he made a surprise attack on Layang village killing 28 rebels and capturing the entire livestock; Hari Ram was later awarded the Indian Distinguished Service Medal.  When the nearby garrison of the Dulin post attacked the rebel village of Sompuram with similar results nearly all organised resistance in the Jampi region ceased, most chiefs submitted, surrendering weapons and paying tribute without further argument.  This pattern of the successful use of superior British firepower was repeated in all seven Areas,

With the Burma Military Police columns on the Chindwin side denying the Kukis freedom of movement across the border, Keary had achieved his aim of putting an end to the Kuki revolt by force of arms, breaking the Kuki spirit, disarming the Kukis, exacting reparation and paving the way for an effective administration of their country.  His success was undeniable.  After four months of operating from the Somra Tracts Chief Pachei found that he was even being pursued and hounded there, and in April he appeared in Imphal and surrendered.  By 20th May 1919 nearly all resistance had ceased and operations were terminated.  To help the country settle down strong posts were maintained by the Assam Rifles at Ukruhl, Kamjong, Nantiram, Tamenglao, Chura Chandpur, Mombi, Poshing, Chanakin and Kerami.

Totalling the results of military operations between December 1917 and May 1919, 140 rebel villages were destroyed, 112 rebel villages submitted and 15 villages were found deserted.  In Manipur 970 muskets were confiscated whilst in the south Chin Hills over 600 were handed in.  Large amounts of grain and cattle were also confiscated.  The estimated number of Kukis killed was 126 men, but doubtless others died of wounds away from the scenes of action, especially when the new British weapons came into use.  The British lost 59 all-ranks killed, 135 wounded and 97 dead from other causes, principally disease.

The whole affair had been an embarrassment to the government of India and the campaign was denied publicity.  Participation in the campaign did not qualify for a clasp to the Indian General Service Medal; however troops who served in the field for any period from the start of the Kuki rising until 31st October 1918 qualified for the award of the British Victory Medal.  Two Distinguished Service Orders were awarded but the citations were not published.

The last word must go to the Kukis.  They led the British on a merry dance for 18 months armed only with ancient muskets, they carried no packs and had no supply trains or medical support but they knew their own country well and how to live off it and fight effectively from it.  They were a tough and fierce adversary who commanded the respect of all who went up against them.  Shahbash (Well Done!) the Kukis!

Awards made for service during the Kuki Rising

Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI).

Lieutenant-Colonel John Lawrence William ffrench-Mullen CIE, Indian Army.

Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE).

Colonel Leslie Waterfield Shakespear CB and Colonel Charles Edward Every Francis Kirwan Macqoid DSO, both of the Indian Army; Captain Edward Joseph Calveley Hordern, Royal Indian Marine; John Comyn Higgins, John Henry Hutton and John Brown Marshall, all of the Indian Civil Service.

Commander of the Military Division of the Order of the British Empire (CBE).

Lieutenant-Colonel Walter Bulmer Tait Abbey and Major Lindsay Elliott Lumley Burne, both of Indian Army.

Officers of the Military Division of the Order of the British Empire (OBE).

Captain Claud Emanuel Montefiore, Indian Army, Assam Military Police (17); Captain William Niven Greer MB, Royal Army Medical Corps; Lieutenant Charles George Kay-Mouat, 1/70th Burma Rifles, Indian Army; Major Hannath Douglas Marshall, 2nd Surma Valley Light Horse, Indian Defence Force; Temporary Captain David Vincent O’Malley MB, Royal Army Medical Corps; Captain George Edward Scott, Indian Defence Force; Major (Temporary Lieutenant Colonel) William Blomfield White, 39th Central Indian Horse, Indian Army.

Members of the Military Division of the Order of the British Empire (MBE).

Temporary 2nd Lieutenant Val Ardern Hulme, Indian Army Reserve of Officers; Captain John Hugh Copeland, Indian Army Reserve of Officers attached to 8th Gurkha Rifles; Lieutenant George David Walker, 2/8th Gurkha Rifles; Lieutenant Eric John Wilkinson, Indian Army Reserve of Officers attached to Supply & Transport Corps and Headquarters Staff, Burma Force.

Distinguished Service Order (DSO)

Captain William George King Broome, 89th Punjabis and Major Thomas Dalby Hutchison Hackett, both of the Indian Army.

Indian Distinguished Service Medal

Assam Rifles recipients: Subadars Bhawan Sing, 1st Bn, Hiraup Sahi, 1st Bn, Hari Ram, 3rd Bn, Nain Singh Mull, 3rd Bn, Birman Thapa, 4th Bn; Jemadars Hanspal Limbu, 3rd Bn and Satal Singh Cachari, 4th Bn; Havildar 1886 Jangbir Gurung, 2nd Bn; Rifleman 2729 Bhabajit Rhai, 2nd Bn.

Burma Military Police recipients: Subadars Mir Fazal, Mandalay Bn; Arjan Singh, Reserve Bn. and Hpaulula attached 85th Burma Rifles.   Jemadars Fateh Muhammad, Mandalay Bn; Mota Suba, Chin Hills Bn; Kulman Lapcha, Bhamo Bn and Tek Bahadur, Myitkyina Bn.  Havildars 40 Umardin, Bhamo Bn;  5094 Nirbakht Rai, Myitkyina Bn and 1551 Harkabahadur Chettri, attached 85th Burma Rifles.  Sepoy 3677 Jasbahadur Ghalle, SSS Bn.

King’s Police Medal

Subadar Pokul Thapa, Assam Rifles.

Mentioned in Despatches

90 officers and men (18).

SOURCES: (the most economical publications are listed)

Kearey, Lieutenant-General Sir H. D.U.: ‘Kuki rising, 1917-1919’, L/PS/10/724, Oriental and India Office Collections (OIOC), British Library, London

Lisam, Khomdon Singh: Encyclopedia of Manipur. (Kalpaz Punblications, Delhi 2011. The relevant chapter can be found on-line.).

Parratt, John: Wounded Land. Politics and Identity in Modern Manipur. (Mittal Publications, Delhi 2005.  The relevant chapter can be found on-line.).

Shakespear, L.W. Colonel: History of the Assam Rifles. (Naval & Military Press re-print).

Shakespear, L.W. Colonel: History of the 2nd King Edward’s Own Goorkhas (The Sirmoor Rifle Regiment), Volume II 1911-1921. (Naval & Military Press).

Shakespear, L.W.: The Lushei Kuki Clans. (Macmillan & Co Ltd, London 1912 and on-line: https://archive.org/details/lusheikukiclans00shak ).

Starling John & Lee Ivor: No Labour, No Battle. Military Labour During the First World War. (Spellmount, UK 2009).

Wood, Reverend W.H.S.: Through Fifty Years. A History of the Surma Valley Light Horse. (Naval & Military Press reprint).

1- The ‘Tower of France’, a memorial to the Khasis who did not return from France, can be seen today in central Shillong.
2- Captain Coote was attached from the 107th Pioneers.
3- Captain Falkland was attached from the 13th Rajputs (The Shekawati Regiment).
4- Captain E.C. Montifiori was attached from the 110th Mahratta Light Infantry.
5- Lieutenant Hooper was attached from the Indian Army Reserve of Officers (IARO). 6- Major Cloete was attached from the 90th Punjabis.  His Military Cross had been awarded in Mesopotamia.  He was murdered at Sadiya in 1920.
7- A simple spike, made out of wood or bamboo, generally placed upright or at an angle in the ground. Punji sticks are usually deployed in substantial numbers
8- The 2/2nd Gurkha detachment remained in Imphal and Kohima for four months before returning to its Battalion location at Tank on the North-West Frontier.  The Gurkhas did not deploy for operations against the Kukis.
9- Major Hackett was an Indian Army officer serving on the Burma Commission.
10- Lieutenant Prior was attached from the IARO.
11- Lieutenant Parry was attached from THE IARO.
12- Captain Copeland was attached from the IARO.
13- Light machine guns.
14- Fragmentation grenades that are discharged from a rifle muzzle.
15- Surra is a disease inflicted by the horse-fly that can be fatal if not treated promptly.
16- Major Vickers was attached from the 48th Pioneers.
17- The Assam Rifles had previously held titles as Military Police Battalions.
18- The names can be seen on Page 7761 of a Supplement to the London Gazette dated 23 July 1920 under the heading KUKI PUNITIVE OPERATIONS.

THEY ARE, WHOM I ADMIRED

They are, may not be for you, but I always admire them in every moment in this day. If they happen to come back this day, the position in this day among the Kukis may not happen. We recall and write about their history and their activities during the First Kuki War of Independence I.e 1917-1919 which was fought between the Kukis and the Mighty Britishers before there was no international demarcation and Independence of India. The history they make during that time may be the fruitful of descendant in this day.

THE FIRST KUKI CONCLAVE MEETING.

Under the leadership of Chengjapao Doungel Chief of Aisan, Lhukhomang Haokip of Chassad, Khotinthang Sitlhou of Jampi and Tintong Haokip of Laijang had a lengthy discussion that took place in preparation for the firstKuki War of Independence 1917-1919 at Chahsat Village on 7th March, 1917.

Amongst others, the Kuki Chiefs who attended the Conclave were: –

1. Pu Chengjapao Doungel, Chief of Aisan.
2. Pu Lhukhomang Haokip alias Pache, Chief of Haokip Clan.
3. Pu Letjahao Chongloi, Chief of Khomunnom.
4. Pu Kondem Baite, Chief of Sadih/Sachih.
5. Pu Paokhohen Kipgen, Chief of Bongbal Kholen.
6. Pu Ngulbul Haokip, Chief of Longya.
7. Pu Haokhopao Kipgen, Chief of Molvailup.
8. Pu Tukih Nangjapao Lupheng, Chief of Tonglhang.
9. Pu Kamjahen Haokip, Chief of Phailengjang.
10. Pu Letkhothang Haokip, Chief of Khotuh.
11. Pu Semkholun Haokip, Chief of Phaisat.
12. Pu Tongkholun Haokip, Dy. Chief of Phailengjang.
13. Pu Sonkhopao Haokip, Chief of Twisomjang.
14. Pu Jalhun Haokip, Chief of Molvom.
15. Pu Thongkhomang Haokip, Chief of Phunchong.
16. Pu Doujapao Mate, Chief of Thomjang.
17. Pu Vumtong Haokip, Chief of Maokot.
18. Pu Laso Haokip, Chief of Selmei.
19. Pu Lenpu Hangsing, Chief of Vongjang.
20. Pu Ngulkhojam Chongloi, Chief of Maval.
21. Pu Amjapao Chongloi, Chief of Kholen.
22. Pu Nguljalhun Chongloi, Chief of Thingphai.
23. Pu Palhun Hangshing, Chief of Tingpibung.

Besides these Chiefs, there were a number of Chiefs from Burma. In this Conclave Meeting, the discussion included the making of united Kuki stand against the British, manufacture of weapons and stocking of food-grain. On this occasion, a customary Mithun was killed by the Chassad Chief Lhukhomang Haokip alias Pache on which the people feasted.

The Kuki War of Independence, 1942-1945

During their First War of Independence, 1917-1919, the Kukis lost their lands to the British. They were dissatisfied with the British’s annexation of their land, which they occupied since time immemorial. Having suspicion that the Kukis would take up arms again, the colonist policy of ‘Divide and Rule’ was executed.

The dire consequences and the after effects of the British policy towards the Kuki people still plague them today that they are scattered in different countries under others’ domination.

The ‘Divide and Rule’ policy of the British was effectively carried out by dividing the Kuki inhabited land into two in 1936; the Eastern half was

merged with Burma and the Western portion went under the British India. The sub-divisions created out of the Kuki inhabited land in present day India are:

1. Churachandpur Headquarters (shifted from Lamka to Churachandpur)
2. Tamenglong Headquarters (shifted from Laijang to Tamenglong)
3. Ukhrul Headquarters (shifted from Chassad to Ukhrul)

 

In the eastern part, the Kuki inhabited land was put under the Sagaing Division, Burma with sub-divisional headquarters at Tamu and Homalin. Besides these changes, the Kukis were further forced to serve in labor camps for construction of roads connecting Imphal to sub-divisional headquarters. Thus, they were successful in bringing down the Kuki image in the sight of the Meitei and the Burmese people. By favoring one against the other, the British could practically destroy the unity of the various tribes of the KUKI who were actually, at one time, part of the same ethnic group.

 

Under the British rule, the Kukis were subjected to innumerable hardships, but they refused to remain suppressed for long. They started making contacts with like-minded leaders from Bengal and Germany. When the Second World War broke out in Europe in 1939, the Kukis took up one cause with the Indian National Army (INA) forces, under the leadership of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.

 

The Kuki fighters formally joined the INA and Japanese forces in Rangoon. They signed a pact under the leadership of Pu Onkholet alias Pakang as their Commander in Chief. The INA and Japanese forces did not find it easy to reach the eastern bank of the Chindwin River up to the hills of Manipur, parts of Naga Hills and New Cachar Hills and Karbi Anglong in Assam. The Japanese and INA forces did not face any hurdle in crossing the inhospitable jungle terrain because of the brave Kuki fighters, who accompanied them as comrades in arms. They reached Tengnoupal, Bishenpur and Jessami (all in present Northeast India) without much difficulty.

 

The Kukis joined the Japanese forces on the agreed and signed conditions of a formal war pact. The pact included the liberation of all the Kuki inhabited lands occupied by the British, once the British is defeated. The agreement was solemnized according to the Kuki traditional custom of taking vows by Humha-pe (biting a tiger tooth) by the Kuki chiefs and the Japanese officers present. The Kukis were then trained in the use of Japanese weapons. The Kukis’ knowledge of the topography of the area was of great help to the INA and Japanese forces. Dressed in Kuki traditional dresses, the Japanese officers carried out reconnaissance trips to different parts of Manipur and the Naga Hills. The advance party, in the same dress, constructed roads and bridges at crucial places.

 

The Japanese and the INA forces were engaged in various crucial battles, the Burmese people started to side with the Allied forces. The INA and Japanese forces failed to attract the mass support they had hoped to mobilize, once they landed on Indian soil. At this point, the ‘Non-violence Movement’ under the towering leadership of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and others, was becoming increasingly popular and successful. As a result, the Japanese occupied Burma became unsafe for people of Indian origin.

 

These people started to leave in great numbers from Kalemyo, Kalewa, Mandalay and Rangoon, traveling mostly on foot. Thus, the roads leading towards Manipur, the only existing route to India, were filled with refugees. Thousands died of hunger, thirst and diseases. Anecdotally, it is worth mentioning here that the well known Hindi fortune in Bombay. The Assam Rifles set up refugee camps at several places, but they were inadequate to meet the demands of such a multitude of helpless humanity. The most heart-rending scene was of babies still suckling their dead mothers lying on the roadside.

 

The Kukis continued to give their unflinching support to the Japanese forces. An affinity and affection developed between the Japanese and the Kukis. This relationship is reflected in an immensely popular song; it also reflects the sentiment of the Kuki people at that time:

 

    Theilou Koljang toni lep banna,

    Ging deng deng’e Japan lenna huilen kong

    Pego lhemlhei saigin bang

    Mao deng deng’e van thamjol japan lenna

    Amao deng deng’e Japan lenna mongmo,

    Vailou kon sunsot selung hem tante.

    Atwi theikhong tabang ging deng deng,

    Ging deng deng’e Japan lenna huilen konggin.

 

Free translation:

Beyond the hills from unknown land,

Floats the sweet humming sound of Japanese Planes

Like the musical notes of the ‘lute’,

Flying high in the blue sky

The sweet melodic hum of the Japanese planes,

Sets the lone farmer’s heart at melancholy

Like the sweet melody of the water-mill

Floats the sweet humming sound of the Japanese planes

 

A few selected Kuki men were trained in the Japanese camps for five months in the neighboring states. On completion of the training, the Kukis performed the traditional presentation ceremony of Delkop (headgear) to the Japanese officers. Delkop signifies strong bonding for a common cause. Thereafter, reconnaissance for shorter route to Kohima and Imphal, from which they planned to launch the final assault into the mainland India, began.

 

After a year’s preparation in Burma, the Japanese and the INA forces, with active participation of Kukis, marched towards Imphal and Kohima. The passage was smooth and they reached Kohima and outskirts of Imphal. However, the INA and Japanese forces failed to occupy Kohima and Imphal due to the support given to the Allied forces by Nagas and Meiteis.

 

During the course of the march, two Kuki warriors belonging to the escort party led by Pu Somkhai and Pu Chongjadem encountered a British patrol at Jangmol Hills. All of the patrolling party was killed, except for one soldier who escaped to Mel camp (enemy’s camp). The escaped soldier reported the headquarters that the Kukis were with the invading Japanese army. The two Kuki warriors were later shot dead while crossing the river between Homalin and Ningthi, by the same British soldier who escaped the fatal incident.

 

The two warriors killed were later identified as Kukis from their Ponmongvom (one type of Kuki shawls) and Golong (smoke pipe). The official confirmation of Kuki participation with the Japanese Army led to the arrest and torture of many prominent Kuki leaders. The three Japanese divisions with the INA and Kuki forces took the following places:

 

Northern Sector: Thamanti, Khotuh, Leijum, Mollheh, Kanjang, Jessami and Kohima

Central Sector: Tamu, Moreh, Sita, Tengnoupal and Imphal

Southern Sector: Falam, Behieng, Singat, Moirang, Bishenpur and Nambol

 

The failure of the Japanese led forces against the British could be attributed to the refusal of the Indian soldiers to desert and join up the INA, under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose. The onset of the heavy monsoon season and the lack of support of other local tribes also played a major role in hindering the success of the operations. However, after India gained Independence from the British in 1947, the government of India decided to honor the Kuki warriors with the title of ‘Freedom Fighter’. Till today, many of these freedom fighters are still alive.

 

During the course of war, the Gorkhas who looked exactly like the Kukis were sent into Japanese occupied areas, disguised in Kuki garb. One such event is mentioned by Maj. Gen. Palit, in ‘Sentinels of the North East’, p.143:

 

“Typical of these returning parties was one under NK. Kalur Gurung, who returned with four riflemen all disguised as Kukis. The NCO and his four men had been captured by the Japanese at the start of the offensive, but managed to escape. They remained in hiding in the jungle until the advancing enemy echelon has passed. They then brought Kuki clothes from the villagers and, once in disguise tried to make their way back through the Japanese lines. Again, they were captured; and this time they were produced before a Japanese Officer.

 

During interrogation, they pretended not to understand Hindi, merely repeating ‘Kuki – Kuki’ in a wailing voice. Satisfied that they were only local Tribal, the Japanese let them go.”

 

When the Axis forces lost the war to the British India and British Burma, the Japanese forces retreated from the Kuki occupied territories, leaving the Kukis and the INA soldiers to fend for themselves. The actual number of the Allied forces present in the war front was very small. Had the Indian Army deserted the Britihsers as expected by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, the Axis powers could have easily walked through the whole of Northeast India.

 

Subhas Chandra Bose and Onkholet alias Japan Pakang felt humiliated and refused to face their people after they lost the war. They preferred to retreat with the Japanese forces to Japan. Onkholet refused to come back to his motherland till its liberation. Likewise, it is believed that many Kukis left their land, near and dear ones and went to Japan after losing the war.

 

Source: Zale’n-gam: The Kuki Nation

The Kuki Rising, 1917-1919

By Dr. Seilen Haokip

The ‘Kuki rising (Sic), 1917-1919’ will be discussed in the context of Kuki polity, identity and nationalism. A general, but brief description of the terminology ‘Kuki’ and related territory will serve as background for the discussion. British perspective of the ‘rising’ will be referred to; Kuki’s will be set out to illustrate the political significance. Nationalism will be emphasised to ‘conceiving identity’.[1]

‘Kuki’ refers to an ethnic entity spread out in a contiguous region in Northeast India, Northwest Burma, and the Chittagong Hill tracts in Bangladesh. The ‘dispersal’ of the people by the existing international boundaries is the result of initial British colonialists’ deliberations. The terminology ‘Kuki’ appears to have originated in Sylhet, in erstwhile East Bengal. Elly[2] refers to ‘the tribe called Kuki by the Bengalis.’ An attributed meaning of the term is ‘hill people’. The ‘Lushei Kuki’[3] clan, from the outset did not accept the term as their identity on grounds that it was of exogenous origin, and that it bore a derogatory meaning.

A collective identity, therefore, which serendipitously was evolving to represent the ethnic people, in keeping with global political development, was unwittingly done away with; an alternative was not set in place. By the late nineteenth-century, however, when British colonialism came in contact with the people, the identity Kuki had crystallised to represent a significant section of the ethnic- population. In India, the group associated with the identity Kuki are mainly in the states of Manipur, Assam, Nagaland and Tripura; and in Burma, mostly in the Sagaing Division.

In reference to the identity Kuki and their territorial domain, the Encyclopaedia Britannica (1962, vol 13, 511) records: ‘Kuki, a name given to a group of tribes inhabiting both sides of the mountains dividing Assam and Bengal from Burma, south of the Namtaleik river.’ Grierson[4] provides a more detailed account of Kuki areas as follows:

The territory inhabited by the Kuki-Chin tribes extends from the Naga Hills in the north down into the Sandoway District of Burma in the south; from Myittha River in the east, almost to the Bay of Bengal in the west. It is

_________________________________

1 Calhoun, C (1997), Nationalism, Open University Press, Buckingham

2 Elly, EB (1978, (first published in 1893), 1), Military Report on the Chin-Lushai Country, Firma KLM (P) Ltd, Calcutta

3 Shakespear, J Lt Col (1912), The Lushei Kuki Clans, Macmillan & Co, Ltd, London

4 Grierson, GA (ed) (1904), Tibeto-Burman Family: Specimens of the Kuki-Chin and Burma Groups, Linguistic survey of India, Vol. 111, Pt.111, Published by Office of the Suprintendent, Government Printing, India, Calcutta

 

almost entirely filled up by hills and mountain ridges, separated by deep valleys.

A great chain of mountains suddenly rises from the plains of Eastern Bengal, about 220 miles north of Calcutta, and stretches eastward in a broadening mass of spurs and ridges, called successively the Garo, Khasia, and Naga Hills. The elevation of the highest point increases towards the east, from about 3,000 feet in the Garo Hills to 8,000 and 9,000 in the region of Manipur.

This chain merges, in the east, into the spurs, which the Himalayas shoot out from the north of Assam towards the south. From here a great mass of mountain ridges starts southwards, enclosing the alluvial valley of Manipur, and thence spreads out westwards to the south of Sylhet. It then runs almost due north and south, with cross-ridges of smaller elevation, through the districts known as the Chin Hills, the Lushai Hills, Hill Tipperah, and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Farther south the mountainous region continues, through the Arakan Hill tracts, and the Arakan Yoma, until it finally sinks into the sea at Cape Negrais, the total length of the range being some seven hundred miles.

The greatest elevation is found to the north of Manipur. Thence it gradually diminishes towards the south. Where the ridge enters the north of Arakan it again raises, with summit upwards of 8,000 feet high, and here a mass of spurs is thrown off in all directions. Towards the south the western off-shoots diminish in length, leaving a track of alluvial land between them and the sea, while in the north the eastern off-shoots of the Arakan Yoma run down to the banks of the Irawaddy.

This vast mountainous region, from the Jaintia and Naga Hills in the north, is the home of the Kuki-Chin tribes. We find them, besides, in the valley of Manipur, and, in small settlements, in the Cachar Plains and Sylhet. A spirit of sovereignty pervades the history of the Kuki people. ‘Zale’n-gam’ is an ideological concept propounded by PS Haokip, president of the Kuki National Organisation. ‘Zale’n-gam’ means ‘freedom of the people in their land’; it encapsulates and expounds the essence of Kuki history and nationalism. In recent history, this spirit of Kuki nationalism was reflected in the vehement opposition to British imperialists’ designs in Zale’n-gam, which began in the nineteenth-century.

When Assam came under British rule following the conclusion of the Anglo-Burmese War in 1826,[5] expeditions to extend British rule throughout the Northeast were carried out by the Assam Rifles and the Assam Military Police. ‘Some of the famous ones

_______________________________

5 Guardians of the North East: The Assam Rifles, 1835-2002 (2003, 11), First published in India by Directorate General Assam Rifles, Laitumkhrah, Shillong, 11 in association with Lancer Publishers & distributors, New Delhi

[expeditions]’ include ‘Kuki operations of 1880-1882 and 1917-1919’.[6] ‘Kuki rising, 1917-1919’[7] is a culmination of opposition to British colonialism mounted by the Kuki people. Shakespear[8] and Palit[9] refer to the event as ‘Kuki Rebellion, 1917-1919’.

The Kuki rising of 1917-1919 serves as a foundation of Kuki nationalism. In Zale’n-gam: The Kuki Nation[10] Haokip recounts details of the rising, which was painstakingly collated. The event is a reminder of the spirit of nationalism exercised by our forbears. In present-day context, the Kuki country covered by the movement ranges broadly from the upper Chindwin, Burma, in the West; the hills in Manipur; and Aisan, Nagaland, in the East. The leadership lay with Chengjapao Doungel, King of Kuki; Pache Haokip, Chief of Chassad and all Haokips; Tintong Haokip, Commander-in-Chief of Kuki Army; Enjakhup Kholhou, Dy Chief-in-Command of Kuki Army, and Khotinthang Sitlhou alias Kilkhong, Chief of Jampi. Kuki chiefs received tax and tributes from their various subjects in the regions stated above.

The magnitude of the national movement of 1917-1919 is reflected in the words of Lt Col RS Chhetri: to handle the ‘Kuki Rebellion’, ‘An Assam Rifles Brigade under Col LW Shakespear, the newly appointed Deputy Inspector General, set out with a strength of 2,600 men assisted by a contingent of Burma Military Police numbering 400.’[11] A Minute Paper refers to ‘23 principals involved, 13 in Manipur under Assam, 10 in the Somra Tract under Burma.’[12]

Military columns, commandeered by British officers Coote, Hebbert, Higgins and Clocte, ‘criss-crossed the area [Kuki’s] and fought a number of actions to successfully suppress the Kuki rebellion. In the process [which reflects the scale and intensity of the war against Kuki], they won 1 CIE, 1 OBE, 14 IDSMs, 1 King’s Police Medal, innumerable Mentions-in-Despatches and Jangi Inams.’[13] With regard to Kuki, the British Advisory Committee passed recommendations to subject the prominent leaders (m entioned above) to a ‘period of restraint’, each for fifteen years, with the exception of the Chief of Chassad, who received a penalty of twenty years.[14]

It is significant that the records of 1917-1919, available in the archives of the British Library in London, is entitled ‘Kuki rising’, rather than ‘Kuki uprising’. ‘Rising’ is a political terminology symbolising the national status of Kuki, who were not under British rule; ‘uprising’, on the other hand, implies a subjugated nation in rebellion.

___________________________________

6 Op.cit, 17

7 British Library, Burma and Assam Frontier, ‘Kuki rising, 1917-1919’, L/PS/10/724, Oriental and India Office Collections (OIOC)

8 Shakespear, LW Col (1929), History of the Assam Rifles, Firma KLM Pvt Ltd, Calcutta

9 Palit, DK (1984), Sentinels of the North-East: The Assam Rifles, Palit & Palit, New Delhi

10 Haokip, PS (1998), Zale’n-gam: The Kuki Nation, Published by Kuki National Organisation (for private circulation only)

11 Guardians of the North East: The Assam Rifles, 1835-2002 (Op.cit, 19)

12 Minute Paper, Secret Political Department, Government of Burma, Rangoon, 23 December 1919

13 Guardians of the North East: The Assam Rifles, 1835-2002 (Ibid, 20)

14 Foreign and Political Department Notes, Secret – I, January 1920, Nos 4-12, Submitting, for orders, proposals for dealing with the leading rebels concerned in the Kuki rebellion

‘Rebellion’ is a military term that does not recognise Kuki’s political status. Before 1919, Kuki was not under the British.

The national character of the events of 1917-1919 is clearly indicated in Webster’s report:[15]

Soon after the actual recruiting began, however, some of the Kuki chiefs in the outlying hills adopted an obstructive attitude. It was reported that the chief of Aishan, Chengjapao, who is “Piba” [Pipa] or head of all the Thado Kukis, had sent orders to all the leading Thado chiefs to resist recruiting with force if necessary. Other influential chiefs were reported to have taken similar steps.

Extensive preparations had undergone prior to launching offensives against the British. Knowledge of manufacturi ng flintlocks enabled Kuki to stock them in thousands, for use in any eventuality.  Between 1907-1917, the British collected from the Kukis 1,195 guns.[16] Palit makes an interesting observation: ‘Mention has been made earlier that the Kukis had been encouraged by emissaries from Bengali nationalists in Assam, but any thought that the Germans had also had a hand in it had not occurred to any one.’[17] This matter came to light at Tamu in May 1918, where upon a ‘Medical Officer on his round of inspection came upon some Sikhs of the Burma M.P. in a hut tearing up some papers they said they did not want. The M.O. picked up some of the papers and found among them photos of two Germans, one in uniform. On the back of one of them was written in Hindustani: “If you fall into rebel hands show these and they will not harm you.”’[18]

In the first week of March 1917, Chengjapao Chief of Aisan, held a gathering of various chiefs to deliberate on the impending war. According to Kuki custom, a buffalo was slaughtered on the occasion, and Shajam lha was performed.Shajam lha is an auspicious tradition: the flesh of the animal is distributed among the Chiefs to mark solidarity; the heart and liver is shared, symbolising commitment to the cause. The same tradition was observed at the Chassad Conclave, as well as at Jampi, Henglep, Mombi (Lonpi), Joujang, Phailengjang (present-day upper Chindwin), Halflong (present-day Assam) and Mechangbung (present-day Nagaland).

As a declaration of war, thingkho le malchapom (king-sized red chillies strapped onto smouldering firewood) was passed, for example, from Aisan to the adjoining village, and thereon…. These solemn proceedings indicate the nature of the Kuki Rising of 1917-1919: it was a concerted national movement against aggressing colonialists. Official British perspectives suggest otherwise. On 27 June 1919, Webster wrote to the Secretary, Government of India, ‘the province of Assam was asked to furnish a quota of “labourers” for employment with the Army in France’.[19] From Kuki point of view, the event was a culmination of ongoing

_______________________________________________

15 Ibid

16 Manipur Administration Report, 1918-1919, p.2

17 Palit Op. cit, 81

18I bid, 81-82

19 Political Department, From The Hon’ble Mr. J.E. Webster, C.I.E., I.C.S., Chief Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of Assam, To The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign and Political Department, Shillong, the 27 June 1919

opposition to colonialism, triggered by the Labour Corps drive. It is a preposterous notion that the cause of a concerted movement against an imperialist force, sustained for nearly three yea rs, could be relegated merely to resistance against working as labourers.

The consequent events, in response to the call of the Chief of Aisan, are described in an extract from the Proceedings of the Chief Commissioner of Assam in the Political Department:[20]

The “Kuki rising, 1917-1919”, which is the most formidable with which Assam has been faced for at least a generation … the rebel villages held nearly 40,000 men, women and children interspersed … over some 6,000 square miles of rugged hills surrounding the Manipur valley and extending to the Somra Tract and the Thaungdut State in Burma.

British reaction is revealed in a confidential despatch of Sir HDU Kerry, General Officer Commanding, Burma Division: ‘I therefore decided to put an end to the Kuki revolt by force of arms, break the Kuki spirit, disarm the Kukis, exact reparation and pave the way for an effective administration of their country.’[21]

A retrospective view shows that ‘Kuki rising, 1917-1919’ is a paradoxical event. On the one hand, its subjugation, in a manner resonant of Sir Kerry’s avowal, was a turning point in Kuki history: it broke the spirit of the people and set in decline Kuki as a nation, the effects of which still linger. The main Kuki Chiefs were arrested and put in different jails in Assam, Burma and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal (see Appendix for the lists of Chiefs arrested). On the other hand, it is a historical landmark of Zale’n-gam: it demonstrates Kuki’s relationship to their land, and is a veritable reminder of their legitimate status as a nation.

The Government also adopted administrative measures to keep the Kuki people suppressed. Kuki areas were brought under civil authority. The first Sub-Divisional Offices were opened at Tamenglong, Ukhrul and Churachandpur,[22] which are now hill districts in Manipur. In Gangte’s[23] words these new administrative posts successfully achieved two planned objectives: a) ‘containment’ of Kuki activities to prevent another rising and b) ensure Naga domination especially in Ukhrul and Tamenglong sub-divisions.

___________________________________________

20 Burma and Assam Frontier, L/PS/10/724, Oriental and India Office Collections (OIOC), British Library, London, Resolution on the Late Kuki Rising, Extract from the Proceedings of the Chief Commissioner of Assam in the Political Department, NO. 8856 P. dated the 27 September 1920

21 Op.cit CONFIDENTIAL, File No. 4895 Field Operations, Simla, Despatch On the Operations Against the Kuki Tribes of Assam and Burma, November 1917 to March 1919, From Lieutenant General Sir H. D.U. Kerry, General Officer Commanding, Burma Division, To The Chief of the General Staff, Army Headquarters, India, Simla. (Diary No. 69190) No. 1762-K.P.M., Maymyo, June 1919

22 Political Proceedings, Oct. 1920, No. 13: Extract from the Proceedings of the Chief Commissioner, Assam, in the Political Department Number 8856 p, September 1920

23 Gangte, TS (1993, 10), The Kukis of Manipur, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi

In post-independent India, according to the Government’s Constitution Scheduled Tribes Order of 1951, ‘Kuki’ has been recognised in five different ways:

      (a)Tripura,[24] Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram[25] they are listed as ‘Any Kuki tribe, including…’;

(b) in  Nagaland, as ‘Kuki’;

      (c)in Manipur, as ‘Any Kuki tribe’;

      (d) by the Tribe Modification Order of 1956;[26]

     (by this order of 1956, applied in the state of Manipur, Kuki, as well as Naga, were deleted – in their place a total of twenty-nine ‘tribes’ were recognised, twenty-two of which being a part of the former category.)

      (e) ‘Any Kuki Tribes’ 2003.[27]

A study of the transition of Kuki from a crystallised state of identity to its virtual non-existence, today, reveals a rather paradoxical account of Kuki history. In a nutshell, the combination of a) British colonialism that deprived Kuki of their sovereign rights and Christianity that followed closely on its heels – both of which promoted Naga nationalism,[28] while suppressing Kuki’s, and b) the structure of the ‘Scheduled Tribe’ recognition have had a devastating effect on the Kuki identity.

While colonialism has no moral or legal rights, the concept of ‘tribe’, anthropologically, is not applicable to an ethnic entity, such as Kuki. This is because Kuki is composed of consanguineous clans and groups, who share similar culture, tradition, customs and language. The application of the concept of ‘tribe’ nonetheless to Kuki and the consequent recognition of the clans and groups as separate ‘tribes’, has resulted in the ‘official’ fragmentation of the identity Kuki. In other words, the tribe recognition in its present form acts as the last nail on the coffin of this ethnic group’s collective Kuki identity.

This matter of identity is further complicated by the issue of recognition of a group of related sub-clans on the basis of a particular primogenitor, namely, Thadou, who is younger in the order of the lineage it belongs to. In anthropological terms, for a people

________________________________________________

24 For example: The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950, [Published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary No. 40, New Delhi, Wednesday, September 6, 1950. S.R.O. 510 read with Act. 81 of 1971 and Act of 1976], The Schedule, Part – XV Tripura

25 The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) (Union Territories) Order 1951 [Ministry of Law Notification No. C.O. 33, dated the 20th September 1951, Gazette of India, Extraordinary, 1951, Part II, section 3, Page 1198 G], The Schedule, Part II – Mizoram, Throughout the Union Territory

26 Constitution Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Lists (Modification) Order, 1956

27 ‘Any Kuki Tribes’, Register No. DL 33004/2003, The Gazette of India Extraordinary, Part II, Section I, Published by Authority, New Delhi, Wednesday, January 8, 2003, Ministry of Law and Justice (Legislative Department), Subject: Scheduled Cast and Scheduled Tribe Orders (Amendment Act, 2002), No. 10 of 2003 (J) in Part x – Manipur, p.6

28 Jacobs, J, with Macfarlane, A., Harrison, S., Herle, A. (1990, 152), The Nagas, Thames and Hudson Ltd. London; and Gray, A (1986, 56),The British in Nagaland – Their Anthropology and Their Legacy, in The Naga Nation and its Struggle against Genocide, A report compiled by IWGIA, Document 56, July 1986, Copenhagen

 

steeped in tradition and customs, implicit in this aberration are crucial ramifications relating to hereditary rights. As observed, a manifestation of this is the bedlam unique to this group, which curiously is not present in any of the other listed twenty-eight non-personality-based recognised ‘tribes’ under the Tribe Modification Order of 1956. As a measure of ameliorating the existing dilemma, in 2003 ‘Any Kuki Tribes’ was ‘re-introduced’ by parliament. While this has provided an avenue for recognition to those in the lineage elder to Thadou and those who speak the same dialect, but are not of the particular extraction, rather inevitably, has also generated certain misgivings. One concern appears to be fuelled by the perception that ‘Kuki’, a national identity, has been relegated to the status of a mere ‘tribe’.

A study of the legal drafting ‘Any Kuki Tribes’ helps to dispel this perception. ‘Any’ is inbuilt with the implied meaning that there are other Kukis besides those already listed, including Thadou. This in itself carries the connotation that Kuki remains a nation, which has not been reduced to the status of a ‘tribe’. Furthermore, should the drafting list contain only ‘Kuki’ it would signify a status similar to any of the other twenty-eight-odd ‘tribes’. Admittedly, given the circumstances of the tribe recognition, the recent ‘re-addition’ of ‘Any Kuki Tribes’ is a temporary solution. For a long-term solution, it would be fair to consider an alternative ‘paradigm’ that is structurally disposed to being inclusive rather than exclusive.

Given the common ethnic base of the people, and in the context of the ‘Scheduled Tribe’ recognition policy, it is appropriate to regard Kuki as a tribe; the groups and clans, on the other hand, cannot be treated as separate tribes. This is because the clans and groups are comprised of a similar combination of sub-clans. For example, among groups such as Paite, Simte, Hmar, Vaiphei and the Thadou clan, the sub-clans Guite, Chongloi and Hangshing, Kipgen and Haokip, etc. exists. These identities are determined more by region rather than by particular lineage; a Guite, for instance in Sadar Hills in Senapati District, would be a part of Thadou.

(Thadou, incidentally, is recognised as a tribe on the basis of common dialect. In other words several sub-clans, who speak Thadou, irrespective of their position in the lineage, are recognised as Thadou.) In Churachandpur, on the other hand, a Guite would belong to the Paite group. The grave situation of Kuki identity has been exacerbated by the variegated patterns of recognition in the different states. A uniformed pattern of recognition, like ‘Kuki’ in Nagaland, would be far more beneficial. This would go along way in restoring the identity Kuki to its logical conclusion. Subsequently, Kuki nationalism would be revived to a dignity reminiscent of our forbears’, a development which would contribute to promote integrity not only of Kuki people, but also of all those concerned.

 

APPENDIX

Warrants, dated 8 December 1919, Delhi, signed by RE Holland, Secretary of the Government of India in the Foreign and Political Department, were issued to arrest Kuki Chiefs. They were to be restrained at Sadiya Jail in Assam.[29]

     1. Chengjapao, Chief of Aishan

     2. Khotinthang (or Khilkung), Chief of Jampi,

     3. Pachei alias Hlukhomang [Lhukhomang], Chief of Chassad

     4. Pakang, Chief of Hinglep [Henglep]

     5. Tintong, Chief of Laiyong [Laijang]

     6. Ngulkhup, Chief of Mombi [Lonpi]

     7. Leothang, Chief of Goboh

     8. Heljashon, Chief of Loibol

     9. Mangkhoon [Manglun], Chief of Tingkai

     10. Semchung, Chief of Ukha*

     11. Ngulkhokai Haokip of Chassad**

PROPOSALS FOR THE PUNISHMENT OF THE TEN KUKI CHIEFS IN THE SOMRATRACT [KALE KABAW VALLEY] WHO WERE CONCERNED IN THE REBELLION[30]

     1. Kamjadem [Kamjahen Haokip, Chief of Phailenjang I]

     2. Tongkwalun [Tongkholun Haokip, Chief of Phailenjang II]

     3. Letkwatang [Letkhothang, Chief of Khotuh]

     4. Semkwalun [Semkholun Haokip, Chief of Phaisat]

     5. Zahlun [Jalhun Haokip, Chief of Molvom]

     6. Shuku [Tukih Lupheng, Chief of Tonglhang]

     7. Vumnul [Vumngul Kipgen, Chief of Tujang]

     8. Haokwapao [Holkhopao Kipgen, Chief of Molvailup]

     9. Nohjang Kipgen, Chief of Saisem

10. Ngulkolun [Ngulkholun]

 

29 Burma and Assam Frontier, L/PS/10/724, Oriental and India Office Collections (OIOC), British Library, London

* WARRANT to the Suprintendent of Jail, Tezpur & Dibrugarh, to be detained in Tezpur Jail, Foreign and Political Department Notes, Secret – I., January 1920, Nos. 4 – 12.

** Webster’s letter to the Secretary to the Govt. of India, Foreign and Political Dept., Shillong, the 27th June 1919, p.10

30 Foreign and Political Department Notes. External – A, October 1919. Nos. 7 – 12. p.2